瑞博数字化教学平台－教师网络日志 http://www.ohzx.net/rainbow/blog/default.asp zh-CHS Copyright 2001-2005 苏州瑞博科技公司. All Rights Reserved. 2010-9-5 14:10:03 南方周末读者-冯建勇 http://www.ohzx.net/rainbow/blog/teacher/templates/content.asp?Diary_ID=3543 <BODY background="" text="" vlink="" Link="" bgColor="" bgproperties=""> <BODY style="SCROLLBAR-ARROW-COLOR: #000000; BORDER-BOTTOM: 0px; BORDER-LEFT: 0px; SCROLLBAR-FACE-COLOR: #d4d0c8; SCROLLBAR-DARKSHADOW-COLOR: #d4d0c8; SCROLLBAR-BASE-COLOR: #d4d0c8; SCROLLBAR-HIGHLIGHT-COLOR: #808080; SCROLLBAR-SHADOW-COLOR: #808080; BORDER-TOP: 0px; SCROLLBAR-TRACK-COLOR: #d4d0c8; BORDER-RIGHT: 0px; SCROLLBAR-3DLIGHT-COLOR: #d4d0c8"><P><FONT color=#000000 size=4>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 学期伊始，照例在第一堂语文课上向学生推荐了《南方周末》。想学生读何等的书、杂志和报纸，这涉及在你的心里愿意学生成为怎样的人；话题有些沉重，但真实可靠。以往规劝学生好好看南周，总是提醒好好看看文化版的文章，相当精致，可以挪用为应考作文的高等素材。同理，要学生阅读《读者》、或是摘记美文片段、甚而整理课文经典作品时候，也会相当自然地指点学生好好识记某人某段文字，渗入自己的作文就显示着自己作文的水平。</FONT></P> <P><FONT color=#000000 size=4>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 高三改卷回来之后开始思考，那么多千篇一律的应试八股真的就是语文教学的目的吗？三年孜孜不倦着传授应试文章的模式，开头结尾与中间内容的约定俗成真的提升了学生的写作境界吗？统统否定，甚至否定了自己？然而新的出路和世界又在何方呢？怎样的作文才是学生喜欢的，才能真正丰富学生心灵呢？相当惶恐，已经开学，我的心里依然毫无头绪。只是，我真的不敢任性肯定说南方周末是应试参考书了。我只是呼吁着学生应该热爱阅读，感触文字，感动文字里面流动的思想。</FONT></P> <P><FONT color=#000000 size=4>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 你们真的应该就从“社会”版开始起读，“在这里你可以读懂中国”，你可以挖掘社会纵深的弊端，直观面对社会贫困和人民痛苦真相的写真，你和他人一起讨论时局，思考着这个民族的方向，引领自己参与意识。确实，同学少年风华正茂，怎可以成为社会的旁观者，你们应有“指点江山激扬文字”豪情和自由，十六岁了，必须是“家事国事天下事，事事关心。”我还愿意你们到“经济”版转转，体验商场斗争之残酷，，明白创业之艰辛，感慨中国经济改革浪潮之磅礴，思考中国经济发展太多的灰色和阴影。我更希望在“评论”版上看到你们的文字，听到你们的声音，展示你们的立场和智慧；深入细细体味中国民生之复杂，好好思考中国体制之诡异。</FONT></P> <P><FONT color=#000000 size=4>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 十六岁了，成长中的你们从此不再幼稚；你们可以质朴依旧，但是内心必须燃烧一种热诚和豪气；你们要坚决自信，你们才是这个社会民族将来的主人。那么，你们就不能把自己捆绑在电脑电视里面，局促在书本书卷狭小的应试空间，你们应该坚决参与到这个社会。就从阅读南方周末开始吧，开阔眼界，增长见识，磨练技能，提高智慧，试着发出自己的声音，摆明自己的立场，让自己从简单、幼稚、肤浅蜕变为一位丰富、成熟、深刻的新人。</FONT></P> <P><FONT color=#000000 size=4>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 多么痛心于电脑电视强大的力量，多少人被深深绑架，从此欲罢不能。多少孩子除了应试的课本坚决拒绝课外读物，心思闭塞，俗气逼人，自以为是，毫无自知。所以，我还希望你们阅读《读者》，期期不落，始终坚持着；书只有长年累月地阅读，才能悄悄地改变一个人气质和格调。静心体会“卷首语”的意味深长，某些哲理可以让你顿悟人生；在“文苑”里好好阅读那些精致的小说，体味人情人性之美好；走去窗口面对阳光天空深情朗诵“两首短诗”，含蓄诗意净化着你的灵魂。还有那些“人物传奇”告诉你人生真谛，“警世钟”敲响你对社会的思索回音，人世间的温暖感动你真挚泪水，“两代之间”搭起沟通桥梁，“人与自然”引领你进入一段震撼心灵的赎罪之旅。还有那些快乐的漫画和开心的笑话，枯燥的生活有了文字的点缀总能生动，我们的生活真的可以更美、更动人，只要我们愿意，只要我们选择阅读。</FONT></P> <P><FONT color=#000000 size=4>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 去读书吧，如果可以，每个月都为自己开一个“阅读书单”，读诗歌读散文读小说，连线屈原三毛和张爱玲，接触美好的文字体味优美意境感悟故事魅力。瓯中的风景多么优美，春水夏花秋风冬霜样样不落，年轻的同学徜徉其间怎么可以让三年时光轻易流失。我希望在草地上柳树下看到你们阅读声音，能够从远处河边或松林里传来你们朗读的声音，也渴望在课堂上听到你们激烈响亮的声音，在随笔里读到你们思想智慧火花。读书吧，它让你的心灵更饱满，思考吧，它可以让你的思想更加深刻；书写吧，它可以让你的高中生活更美好；加油啊，你们可以拥有最亮丽的青春！</FONT></P></BODY><BGSOUND src="" loop=""></BGSOUND></BODY> 2010-9-4 15:08:10 同学少年-冯建勇 http://www.ohzx.net/rainbow/blog/teacher/templates/content.asp?Diary_ID=3542 <BODY background="" text="" vlink="" Link="" bgColor="" bgproperties=""><P><FONT color=#000000 size=4>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 很多时候，人喜欢互相窥视，所以初次相遇陌生双方更会小心翼翼如履薄冰谨言慎行，以便彼此留下一个良好印象。你看，很多人都表情安静偶尔微笑，喜欢坐在角落不动声色却虎视眈眈地打量着对方，即便不经意瞥来一眼似乎也闪烁某种冷光，极想先洞察对方某些特点习惯以便在随后的交往中猛然亮剑给对方一个意料外的惊喜。阴险如我开始应该也是这样，很早就记住了很多学生的名字，伺机寻找着某些相关脸孔，偶尔突然报出名来，在对方愕然的表情中暗暗窃喜。虽是愕然内心也会感动，毕竟陌生的班主任已经把我放入了心中；可惜无法一下子报出所有人名字，确实也会看着学生的眼睛傻笑着干跺脚，可贵的是你们总会微笑报上名字柔软地化解我的窘迫。</FONT></P> <P><FONT color=#000000 size=4>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 经常一个人走过教室，刻意要求全班学生来打扫卫生，第一个晚上就驱赶你们上去自我介绍，抽空也回到每个寝室看看，打听着某人床位翻一翻他枕下的书本，认真地阅读了每个人的军训日记，特意分析了每张学籍卡：真是恨不得把每个人的一切深深烙印心头。而你们也在盯着我的光头吧，谁就在诡异地笑着；还看我走路的姿态，肆意指指点点；揣摩我说话的语气和内容，甚至暗暗议论着我管理班级的方式；这让我也心惊肉跳：不知是否会故意设计圈套来考验我。好在先是平安度过军训的五天，各自思量各自熟悉各自猜测着，不知你们阅读我内心多少深度，而我已经把你们每个人的名字和表情深刻，欣喜于这轮人生的相遇，期待着即将开始故事中一切喜怒哀乐。</FONT></P> <P><FONT color=#000000 size=4>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 索性就从今晚开始吧，再一次上台展示你们的风采吧，我突然心血来潮：就要在今晚选出班干部。我始终坐在角落深处，只是叮嘱几句“勇敢地面对积极地参与狠狠地把握”；而你们却不负我望，今晚，这个舞台确实真正地属于年轻的你们------十三班所有的同学少年。</FONT></P> <P><FONT color=#000000 size=4>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 还记得第一个上台的人吗？是坚强乐观的潘美玲。接着李超豪说出了自己学习的希望，应亚呈提醒着我们应该有一颗“为十三班”的心；林语欣说着自己想当课代表的小小愿望，而毛非凡依然想为大家枯燥的学习生活倾注一丝轻松高雅的艺术气息。沉默男生项圣炜居然挺身而出，不苟言笑酷酷的陈俊儒竟然展示了野心，吴娉娉毅然站上舞台，杨淑茹决然不甘人后，更有细声细语周雅丽也展示着自己的“雅丽”。心潮起伏，难以平静，原以为自己已经洞然他们的心，如今却被连绵不断的精彩震撼；然而这只是一个开端。你惊呼，吴梓炜又掀起一阵波澜；你感触，林大瑞这人相当的丰富；你惊讶，平静夏淑敏也有非凡的一面；你尖叫，王茜把自己大名填满黑板也填入了我们心中。雷一帆有点淡淡的羞涩，林逸然人如其字娟秀雅致，赵梦洁爽朗大方，王艺舒简单中蕴含了不简单，最难忘的是小小的周以贴那句“我上来，所以今天我进步”简单话语。郑伟健来了，声音轻轻内心一片热诚；张译夫来了，可爱表情总带给我们无穷欢乐；江依帆的声音多么悦耳让人陶醉；涂周敏应该有些泼辣，郑赛芳很是乖巧；向王浩凯说声“抱歉”，我已经忘记你说了什么，但我依然欣赏你的勇敢上场。</FONT></P> <P><FONT color=#000000 size=4>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 就四十分钟，短暂的时间却展示着二十五人丰富且精致的内心，然后是一片惊讶，一阵安静，一阵狂喜；惊讶着自己身边的同学少年居然如此出色，安静地思考我必须努力着追赶，狂喜于之后高中生活必将多姿多彩。于我，更多的是震撼和感动，震撼着同学少年非凡的魅力，感动在你们丰富的内心和深刻的懂事。</FONT></P> <P><FONT color=#000000 size=4>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 毛非凡和林语欣在用心地统计着票选数字；其他的人内心应该一片激动吧，但眼前所见都在安静认真地翻书写字自修。二十五个人也是我特意要求的数字，因为想让你们体验人生角逐的残酷：竞争的较量中必然有人失败有人成功，年轻同学必须学会面对。不过，今天真的没有失败者呀，因为每个人都在努力，每个人都已经展示着自己；你们勇敢地迈出了一步就绝不收回，你们坚决挑战了过去的自我；“今晚我真的进步了”，今天我收获了全新的我，明天我会加倍努力，最终我们会越来越出色。后来，我去开会了；此时，我已经忘记会议上所有的内容，我只记得同学少年动人的言语和动人风采；算了，不说了，反正今晚的时光和回忆唯属于你们-------同学少年。</FONT></P><BGSOUND src="" loop=""></BGSOUND></BODY> 2010-9-3 10:27:53 最初的这天-冯建勇 http://www.ohzx.net/rainbow/blog/teacher/templates/content.asp?Diary_ID=3541 <BODY background="" text="" vlink="" Link="" bgColor="" bgproperties=""> <BODY style="SCROLLBAR-ARROW-COLOR: #000000; BORDER-BOTTOM: 0px; BORDER-LEFT: 0px; SCROLLBAR-FACE-COLOR: #d4d0c8; SCROLLBAR-DARKSHADOW-COLOR: #d4d0c8; SCROLLBAR-BASE-COLOR: #d4d0c8; SCROLLBAR-HIGHLIGHT-COLOR: #808080; SCROLLBAR-SHADOW-COLOR: #808080; BORDER-TOP: 0px; SCROLLBAR-TRACK-COLOR: #d4d0c8; BORDER-RIGHT: 0px; SCROLLBAR-3DLIGHT-COLOR: #d4d0c8"><P><FONT color=#000000 size=4>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <FONT color=#000000>一切已经开始，无法阻挡恰似时间的浪潮，迎面涌来，瞬间就把你我吞没。别怕，谁都是时光中一点，或熄灭或闪烁，或沉沦或升华，这不过是人生中的一次选择。青春男女永不言败又何惧这样一次选择呢？微微一笑从容应对，无比蔑视充分自信，努力奋斗且乘风破浪坚决向前，让自己做个时代弄潮儿吧！既然开始，无法消停，除非某天到达终点；多么欣喜，你已经开始迈向收获的现实过程；我在旁边驻足观望，你们理想雄壮、行动坚决、口号响亮，此时，我为你们感到骄傲。</FONT></FONT></P> <P><FONT color=#000000 size=4>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 还记得你在欧中第一次早自修吗？多么自觉，五十个人都提早了十分钟坐在自己的教室里；如此壮观，每个人手里都捧着一本书；何等奇迹，个个精神饱满表情宁静；相当认真，你和我都在用心阅读美丽的文字。毛非凡和林语欣早早地把教室地面拖得干净，讲台桌摆弄得整洁清爽，徜徉其间，用心体验，一点兴奋，许多感慨。在朗朗读书声中，我在两个教室辗转不停，二十分钟转瞬即逝，而你们却始终坚持，从《沁园春。长沙》到《相信未来》，有人甚至开始顺畅地背诵起《劝学》和《师说》。我还能说些什么呢？我真的无话可说了！“风华正茂之同学少年”不正在“指点江山，激扬文字吗”？这一切不能不让我相信你们的未来，只因为我相信未来你们的眼睛。</FONT></P> <P><FONT color=#000000 size=4>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 多么明亮的一个早上，就像你们明净的眼睛。就从今天早上开始吧，一步一步走去，一步一个脚印，每天都在向前，每天都在进步，而不变的是你们明净的眼睛每天都能欣赏到美丽的风景，因为你们每天都在努力。跑去一个早上、一天、一个星期、一个学期和一年，无论多么漫长的过程，只要你能坚持，简单时光不断积累、充实；某天回首，你必能看见看见自己创造的人生最美的奇迹。</FONT></P> <P><FONT color=#000000 size=4>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 课堂四十分钟，你们就这样始终端坐着凝神听讲吗？明净的眼睛闪烁着一种渴望吗？开始总会兴奋，不知是否能够坚持到底，这是我最初的担心，也是我始终的担忧。然而，我还是骄傲于你们这最初努力。乖顺如你们，课间居然也安静地坐在教室里面；自觉如你们，第八节研究性学习竟然自觉地自修着；感于所见，我似乎不该怀疑你们年轻的决心吗？</FONT></P> <P><FONT color=#000000 size=4>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 晚自修静悄悄地开始了，每个人伏案疾书，都在认真着自己的认真。我悄悄地从窗口经过，走向十四班教室开始识记另一群陌生学生的名字，只是心里一片满足，不同的空间有着同样宁静的用心。豪爽张诚豪始终安静，引经据典徐一伦一直专注，热情吴聪慧温柔似水感觉一片良好，林冬冬表情严肃地书写着作业。突想冬冬隔壁那位孪生姐姐林冰冰正一样地投入吧，她的同桌梁亦晨不苟言笑学习肯定专心，后面的超豪应该捧着一本数学练习本，沈平平真瘦，王华的老爸在青岛平时在家无人管他真的会晒着太阳看书吗，安静陈俊儒项圣炜将来会有出人意料的成就吧。想着想着，也许不觉会发笑，有些沉醉了，铃声骤然响起恍若无觉。</FONT></P> <P><FONT color=#000000 size=4>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 回去十三班晚自修，无心备课了，只是偶尔提醒同学放低讨论的声音，一心却在欣喜地看着每张年轻的脸孔。内心欢欣，时间悄然，现在泛起回忆，只剩下最后十五分钟的总结了。每次晚自修结束前我习惯于总结，只是想用话语给一天写一篇日记，告诉我的学生你们的进步和不足。日子总是悄悄地不经意间如风飘逝；一眨眼，人生片段已然离你而去。为此，我们都该扪心自问：一天时光已经离去，而我又收获了什么呢？我们确实不应为自己今天的碌碌无为而怅然不已，但是我们应该从今天的不足里寻找明天启程的宣言；人生如果可以不断告诫，人生的路途可以更加顺畅充实。但是今晚我没有遗憾，虽然外面狂雨肆虐，但是心里一片清流漫过，卷来太多的满足。</FONT></P></BODY><BGSOUND src="" loop=""></BGSOUND></BODY> 2010-9-2 21:40:39 篝火-冯建勇 http://www.ohzx.net/rainbow/blog/teacher/templates/content.asp?Diary_ID=3537 <BODY background="" text="" vlink="" Link="" bgColor="" bgproperties=""><P align=center><FONT color=#000000 size=4>篝火</FONT></P> <P align=center><FONT color=#000000 size=4>篝火，灭了</FONT></P> <P align=center><FONT color=#000000 size=4>水心一片宁静</FONT></P> <P align=center><FONT color=#000000 size=4>今夜，天空无法幻想</FONT></P> <P align=center><FONT color=#000000 size=4>风也凋谢</FONT></P> <P align=center><FONT color=#000000 size=4>一切过去在瞬间湮灭，现时刹那也成泡影</FONT></P> <P align=center><FONT color=#000000 size=4>等待，</FONT></P> <P align=center><FONT color=#000000 size=4>地平线无限，没有背影-------</FONT></P> <P align=center><FONT color=#000000 size=4>只有灰烬</FONT></P><BGSOUND src="" loop=""></BGSOUND></BODY> 2010-9-1 21:46:04 高一畅想--写给我高一学生的一些文字-冯建勇 http://www.ohzx.net/rainbow/blog/teacher/templates/content.asp?Diary_ID=3540 <BODY background="" text="" vlink="" Link="" bgColor="" bgproperties=""><P>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT color=#000000 size=4> 就要来了，在明天，心里有了一点激动，毕竟是一个起点，走去一段新历程，带着很多人共同憧憬。然而芬芳遍地的花季，一路却也风雨兼程；对于年轻少年，我的心里却存虑着几句话，希望能够一起共勉。</FONT></P> <P><FONT color=#000000 size=4>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 高中是自我主宰之生命中最美一段，你准备好了吗？人生的严酷在于只属于自己，冷暖自知，很多时候他人不分享也不承担。所有人只是陪同，父母、老师和同学也只能站在一边。你能够承担你人生的一切了吗？有把握书写下最美的的篇章吗？你准备着？可你准备了什么呢？扪心自问，我的青春是多么迷惘的现实，而你保持着多么清晰的思维呢？三年以后，当你在自己的学生证上盖完最后一个印章时，你还会激动于最初的憧憬吗？你能够始终如一地执着于你最初的梦想吗？你来了，你付出，你承受一切且付出一切而绝不后悔吗，年轻的孩子？</FONT></P> <P><FONT color=#000000 size=4>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 害怕了吗？要离开父母独自生活了。感到兴奋了吗？生命真正地属于自己了。能无悔吗？我要写下属于我的人生传奇。也许、确实会很苦，有人说过这桥就像“奈何桥”,无法回头的历经；有人说那门就是“鬼门关”，跨入一步，美丽的校园似乎三年之炼狱；而我却要说，出得炼狱，才进天堂。黑夜仅是人生一段，我们只在历经，无限魅力的星辰撒满空阔的宇宙，低头只看见孤独的黑影，抬头却有至美的风景。苦难和幸福存乎一线之间，好好欣赏，好好享受，付出越多，收获越多。</FONT></P> <P><FONT color=#000000 size=4>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 你是谁？高中学生吗？你来做什么？虚度三年时光吗？三年后，有人只是碌碌无为地离开了，记住了一些人的名字，然后又忘记了；被遗忘的还包括他自己狼狈的表情。三年后，有人能幸福微笑着回忆，回忆一切有情岁月，同时为自己的明天开启一个方向。我总想问：为了人生无限可能和生命的极致，你可能痛苦或流泪！你愿把青春一切交给时光中最充实的三年？我不能描述瓯中三年是什么样，我可以肯定：这是一方舞台，这是一个机会，这是一段让自己可以骄傲的三年；你要好好珍惜并善加利用！</FONT></P> <P><FONT color=#000000 size=4>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 很多时候总会问：青春是什么？说明文的答案：三年时。；记叙文的文字：读书的一段充实时。描写的文字感慨：这是生命最美的三年。抒情的判断：青春是一种精神，用三年的瞬间创造人生无限之可能。青春，你可以勇于承担，你可以执着坚强，你可以特别有作为进而特别快乐充实，你可以清晰地触摸自己成长中骄傲里轨迹。真的，你可以，只要你愿意。</FONT></P> <P><FONT color=#000000 size=4>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 明天，你们就要进入这扇门甚至坐在我的前面了，你们心潮起伏，嘴上一片沉默。总有些热血，总有着憧憬，但我强求你说些什么，我只希望你认真走过最初的一段，有天告诉我：高一真好！人生就是这样从一个起点开始，一步步走去一个历程，崇高的心灵必须追求一个境界，只为自己坚守的位置，为了自己“不虚此行”。</FONT></P><BGSOUND src="" loop=""></BGSOUND></BODY> 2010-8-30 15:41:20 写诗-冯建勇 http://www.ohzx.net/rainbow/blog/teacher/templates/content.asp?Diary_ID=3539 <BODY background="" text="" vlink="" Link="" bgColor="" bgproperties=""><P align=center><FONT color=#000000 size=4>写诗（向张枣致敬）</FONT></P> <P align=center><FONT color=#000000 size=4>无法入睡</FONT></P> <P align=center><FONT color=#000000 size=4>用心往黑夜里写诗。</FONT></P> <P align=center><FONT color=#000000 size=4>铺平时间</FONT></P> <P align=center><FONT color=#000000 size=4>一想起那些季节、落叶和遗忘</FONT></P> <P align=center><FONT color=#000000 size=4>我的心就呕出血来</FONT></P> <P align=center><FONT color=#000000 size=4>渗入梦</FONT></P> <P align=center><FONT color=#000000 size=4>为太阳、死亡渲染一抹色彩。</FONT></P><BGSOUND src="" loop=""></BGSOUND></BODY> 2010-8-28 20:24:43 六好诗-冯建勇 http://www.ohzx.net/rainbow/blog/teacher/templates/content.asp?Diary_ID=3538 <BODY background="" text="" vlink="" Link="" bgColor="" bgproperties=""><P align=center><FONT color=#000000 size=4>六好诗（读仓央嘉措之《十诫诗》有感而仿）</FONT></P> <P align=center><FONT color=#000000 size=4></FONT>&nbsp;</P> <P align=center><FONT color=#000000 size=4>人心交相，忘却自我；心灵唯物，自然宁静------</FONT></P> <P align=center><FONT color=#000000 size=4></FONT>&nbsp;</P> <P align=center><FONT color=#000000 size=4>第一最好是想见，相见为缘，一路如花绽放。</FONT></P> <P align=center><FONT color=#000000 size=4>第二最好要相知，打开人心，迎来清风拂面。</FONT></P> <P align=center><FONT color=#000000 size=4>第三最好可相对，眼光明净，灵犀一点通透。</FONT></P> <P align=center><FONT color=#000000 size=4>第四最好能相伴，彼此有你，静静流水淡淡。</FONT></P> <P align=center><FONT color=#000000 size=4>第五最好会相爱，不离不弃，执手一生不放。</FONT></P> <P align=center><FONT color=#000000 size=4>第六最好须相惜，放入灵魂，坚守永恒温暖。</FONT></P><BGSOUND src="" loop=""></BGSOUND></BODY> 2010-8-27 19:53:47 2010年高考浙江卷满分作文选-冯建勇 http://www.ohzx.net/rainbow/blog/teacher/templates/content.asp?Diary_ID=3535 <BODY background="" text="" vlink="" Link="" bgColor="" bgproperties=""><BGSOUND src=""> <P align=center><FONT color=#000000><B>角色转换之间（60</B><B>）</B></FONT></P> <P><FONT color=#000000>&nbsp;<WBR>&nbsp;<WBR>&nbsp;<WBR> “知道犀利哥吗？”当爸爸笑脸盈盈地问我这个问题时，我一下子觉得很茫然，很惊讶。</FONT></P> <P><FONT color=#000000>&nbsp;<WBR>&nbsp;<WBR> “当然知道，我哥儿们还长得挺帅的。”我一副饶有兴趣的样子。</FONT></P> <P><FONT color=#000000>&nbsp;<WBR>&nbsp;<WBR> “被被他的家人领回去了呢……”</FONT></P> <P><FONT color=#000000>&nbsp;<WBR>&nbsp;<WBR> &nbsp;<WBR>在我们父女俩你一言我一语的情况下，饭桌上的气氛顿时很融洽。少了之前只谈学习的紧张感，也少了老妈一直唠叨而又可能爆发的火药味。</FONT></P> <P><FONT color=#000000>&nbsp;<WBR>&nbsp;<WBR>&nbsp;<WBR> 只是惊讶于年过半百的父亲怎么会了解犀利哥这类网络红人。</FONT></P> <P><FONT color=#000000>&nbsp;<WBR>&nbsp;<WBR>&nbsp;<WBR> 早在几年前，“月亮之上”这首歌风靡大江南北的时候，爸爸就跟我说，他觉得“凤凰传奇”中的女歌手嗓音挺独特的。</FONT></P> <P><FONT color=#000000>&nbsp;<WBR>&nbsp;<WBR>&nbsp;<WBR> 虽然自己不怎么爱听网络歌曲，对于爸爸的话也没有什么共鸣，但还是对于他能了解时事而觉得很惊奇。原来我的爸爸还能跟上潮流，能紧跟时代步伐。</FONT></P> <P><FONT color=#000000>&nbsp;<WBR>&nbsp;<WBR>&nbsp;<WBR> 印象中，父亲是严厉的吧。只要他表情一严肃，我就大气不敢喘。其实，他从来都没有打过我，骂也少有过，可是父亲的威严却直到现在还保留着。相比较于母亲更直接的关怀，对于父亲，总只是心怀敬畏，对于他那深沉的爱也如暗涌，默默隐藏着。</FONT></P> <P><FONT color=#000000>&nbsp;<WBR>&nbsp;<WBR>&nbsp;<WBR> 从小到大，都是父亲教导我，什么事可以做，该怎么做。后来，不知从何时起，父亲双鬓的白发日益增多，而他也不再告诉我什么事可不可以做，更多的，开始以一种类似于“讨好”的口吻，我们之间有了代沟他不知道怎么过，他害怕我因为青春期的叛逆心理做出什么出格的事，虽然其实我很乖，我还是跟之前一样正常上学，放学，双休日也不出门，没有改变。可他却变了，少了当年的英气。</FONT></P> <P><FONT color=#000000>&nbsp;<WBR>&nbsp;<WBR>&nbsp;<WBR> 而我的父亲，他现在做的，只是多看新闻，多上各大论坛，来获取新的流行资讯，以及各种热炒的网络事件，从而跟他的女儿——我，多一些共同语言，可以多聊聊，可以使我们的关系能融洽些。</FONT></P> <P><FONT color=#000000>&nbsp;<WBR>&nbsp;<WBR>&nbsp;<WBR> 年轻一代对年长一代的文化影响，有一个专业术语，叫“反化反哺”，千百年来，在以父辈对子辈施教为主流的正统传承方式下，到现在迅疾变化的世界，“反化反哺”逐渐开始有了前所未有的影响，我们年轻人在各个方面影响着年长一代。</FONT></P> <P><FONT color=#000000>&nbsp;<WBR>&nbsp;<WBR>&nbsp;<WBR> 对于这个普遍的现象，从父亲是施教者转变为父亲是受教者，在这一角色转换之间，不变的是他的爱。我不清楚专家对于“反化反哺”现象研究出怎样一个结果，我唯一清楚的是，我的父亲会被我们年轻的一代影响，角色发生转换，正是因为他对我的父爱，一个父亲对于他的女儿最深沉的爱！</FONT></P> <P align=center><FONT color=#000000>&nbsp;<WBR></FONT></P> <P align=center><FONT color=#000000>&nbsp;<WBR></FONT></P> <P align=center><FONT color=#000000><B>角色转换之间（60</B><B>）</B></FONT></P> <P><FONT color=#000000>&nbsp;<WBR>&nbsp;<WBR>&nbsp;<WBR> 夜色浓稠，遮掩了星的光芒，我走出家门，将楼层里的灯亮起。母亲还未回来。</FONT></P> <P><FONT color=#000000>我轻抚开关老化的表皮。曾经，多少个夜晚，母亲将这盏灯亮起，照亮了这片黑暗。她知道，我看到这橘黄的灯光，就仿佛看到了温暖与希望。</FONT></P> <P><FONT color=#000000>&nbsp;<WBR>&nbsp;<WBR>&nbsp;<WBR> 那么今晚，当看到这个光亮的地方，母亲，会否感到温暖。</FONT></P> <P><FONT color=#000000>&nbsp;<WBR>&nbsp;<WBR>&nbsp;<WBR> 已经很晚了，可母亲还未回来。</FONT></P> <P><FONT color=#000000>&nbsp;<WBR>&nbsp;<WBR>&nbsp;<WBR> 我往楼下走去，离开了这片光亮。</FONT></P> <P><FONT color=#000000>&nbsp;<WBR>&nbsp;<WBR>&nbsp;<WBR> 曾经，我调侃着对母亲说，就我们那楼层的灯亮着，怪醒目的，哪天物业要来加收电费了。母亲笑了，忽地眼角的皱纹显得深刻而鲜明。</FONT></P> <P><FONT color=#000000>&nbsp;<WBR>&nbsp;<WBR>&nbsp;<WBR> 灯，一直亮着。那仿佛是生命中不可少的一件事，一件幸福的事。母亲，总会将它亮起，不为这黑夜。我不知道当我看到了这盏灯的时候，心中是温暖是幸福，是怅惘是感动。我只知道未来的我，将为母亲亮起这盏灯。</FONT></P> <P><FONT color=#000000>母亲还未回来。我继续向下走去。此时，我很幸福，正如曾经母亲也很幸福。在我成长的道路上，有一盏灯，一直亮着，一直温暖着我。</FONT></P> <P><FONT color=#000000>&nbsp;<WBR>&nbsp;<WBR>&nbsp;<WBR> 母亲老了，我长大了，而灯一直亮着。我抬头仰望那缕灯光，那么高，那么远，而后漫长而漆黑的道路一直绵延到我的脚下。这条路，母亲与我共同走过。在这条路上有一缕温暖的光指引着我们前进的道路。也许在很长很长的时光里，我忽略了她的光芒；在很远很远的时空里，我不曾记住那光亮的模样。但我知道，在这里，我等着母亲，为她点亮那盏灯。</FONT></P> <P><FONT color=#000000>&nbsp;<WBR>&nbsp;<WBR>&nbsp;<WBR> 我转身，母亲来了，我们寒暄着向那缕光亮走去。它仿佛指引着我们。它仿佛预知了在我与母亲角色转换之间的爱与幸福。</FONT></P> <P><FONT color=#000000>&nbsp;<WBR>&nbsp;<WBR>&nbsp;<WBR> 灯，亮得太醒目了。母亲说，我笑了，曾经我也这么说。曾经我也如此感慨。</FONT></P> <P><FONT color=#000000>&nbsp;<WBR>&nbsp;<WBR>&nbsp;<WBR> 我看着母亲疲惫的面容，说，早点回家休息吧！母亲也笑了，依然是鲜明而深沉的皱纹。</FONT></P> <P><FONT color=#000000>&nbsp;<WBR>&nbsp;<WBR>&nbsp;<WBR> 回家何时变得这般庄严而神圣，回家何时这般幸福而美好。回家，我们母女俩曾经相互的关怀，在此刻绽放。</FONT></P> <P><FONT color=#000000>&nbsp;<WBR>&nbsp;<WBR>&nbsp;<WBR> 母亲与我走过这片光亮，走过开关时，我不禁停下了。只是这轻轻一按，母亲按了多少年岁。</FONT></P> <P><FONT color=#000000>&nbsp;<WBR>&nbsp;<WBR>&nbsp;<WBR> 未来，我又将为母亲点亮多少个夜晚。</FONT></P> <P><FONT color=#000000>&nbsp;<WBR>&nbsp;<WBR>&nbsp;<WBR> 母亲说，长大了啊，都换作你照顾我了。我笑了，是吧。</FONT></P> <P><FONT color=#000000>&nbsp;<WBR></FONT></P> <P><FONT color=#000000>&nbsp;<WBR></FONT></P> <P align=center><FONT color=#000000><B>角色转换之间（60</B><B>）</B></FONT></P> <P><FONT color=#000000>&nbsp;<WBR>&nbsp;<WBR>&nbsp;<WBR> 古时，孔子盘腿于高堂之上，手持经卷，念叨着“有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎？”，台下数千弟子或摇头晃脑或沉思状。</FONT></P> <P><FONT color=#000000>&nbsp;<WBR>&nbsp;<WBR>&nbsp;<WBR> 于是，施教者与受教者的角色便这么确定下来。颜渊、子路永远恭敬地侍奉在师长的身边，只叹“仰之弥高，钻之弥坚”。</FONT></P> <P><FONT color=#000000>&nbsp;<WBR>&nbsp;<WBR>&nbsp;<WBR> 然而，即使在以长辈对子辈的施教为主流的正统传承方式下，依然有“青，取之蓝而青于蓝”“弟子不必不如师”之说。孔子也曾叹“启予者商矣!”</FONT></P> <P><FONT color=#000000>&nbsp;<WBR>&nbsp;<WBR>&nbsp;<WBR> 因为文化反哺正是大势所趋，古时隐隐约约的闪现到了飞速发展的当今世界，便已是星星之火可以燎原。</FONT></P> <P><FONT color=#000000>小时的我跟在妈妈身后，用好奇的眼光打量着这个世界，在妈妈的教导中学会吃饭穿衣。长大的我在韩流来袭时穿上别致的衣服，而妈妈有一天竟也披上一件形似蝙蝠的询问我的意见。我竖起大拇指时看到妈妈欣喜的笑容。</FONT></P> <P><FONT color=#000000>那一刻，我有些自豪。</FONT></P> <P><FONT color=#000000>&nbsp;<WBR>&nbsp;<WBR>&nbsp;<WBR> 又想起在我把手机、电脑玩得十分精通之时，爸爸会像个小孩一样缠着我教他怎么浏览新闻，然后在我的指导下迅速发现电脑里的大世界，沉浸在即时的新闻中，时而慷慨激昂，时而拍桌大笑。还有爷爷奶奶学会了用手机，嘀嘀，短信来了，在外的奶奶遥控指挥：“老头子，该去买菜了!”</FONT></P> <P><FONT color=#000000>&nbsp;<WBR>&nbsp;<WBR>&nbsp;<WBR> 我突然发现我的生活方式、审美情趣无一不在改变着曾经教我们咿呀学语、蹒跚走路的人。角色转换之间，我们看到生活在蓬勃前行。</FONT></P> <P><FONT color=#000000>&nbsp;<WBR>&nbsp;<WBR>&nbsp;<WBR> 是的，我将不会惊讶于教师因为一个问题来请教我们班的“百科全班”，我将不会惊讶于外公有一天偷偷在我的电脑前玩扫雷而不亦乐乎。</FONT></P> <P><FONT color=#000000>&nbsp;<WBR>&nbsp;<WBR>&nbsp;<WBR> 角色转换之间，生活充满了更多乐趣。然而长者无论何时都不意味着弱者，在人生道路上，他们依然会是施教的人。</FONT></P> <P><FONT color=#000000>&nbsp;<WBR>&nbsp;<WBR>&nbsp;<WBR> 有许多人因沉迷游戏而毁了前途，有许多人因错误的价值观而走上了不归之路。身边的长者会教导我们怎么抵制诱惑，他们的经验是我们最好的财富。</FONT></P> <P><FONT color=#000000>&nbsp;<WBR>&nbsp;<WBR>&nbsp;<WBR> 这一刻，我虚心学习。下一刻，我开心教会长辈。角色转换之间，缤纷的世界走向灿烂的明天。</FONT></P> <P><FONT color=#000000>&nbsp;<WBR></FONT></P> <P align=center><FONT color=#000000><B>角色转换之间（60）</B><BR>　　如今，这个时代真是变化得太快了。那厢，老年人尚在小小的戏台前听一出罗衫广袖，轻摇折扇的折子戏，对年轻人教育说“越剧是咱浙江的传统文化，只属于这个小小的舞台”；这厢，年轻一代已轰轰烈烈地以青春为名，打造出“越女争锋”的节目，把越剧推向更广阔的天地，让老年一代不禁惊叹“越剧原来还可以这样演！”年轻人于是登上堂皇的时代舞台，转换成一个肩负创新文化重任，对年长一代进行“教育”的新角色。</FONT></P> <P><FONT color=#000000>还记得那个12岁的加拿大女孩珊妮·仱木，自己筹钱参加在里约热内卢召开的联合国大会，义正辞严地质问那些在场的大人们为何在教育孩子们要爱护生灵、与自然和谐相处，同时却排放大量温室气体，屠戮动物、破坏环境。她教育了年长一代要真正爱护生命、敬畏自然。这在宣扬“低碳生活理念”的今天，不是更具有了普遍的意义吗？</FONT></P> <P><FONT color=#000000>&nbsp;<WBR>&nbsp;<WBR>&nbsp;<WBR> 还得那个美国左脚微跛的小男孩扎克，手推红色小推车一步步挨家挨户地为海地地震捐赠，动员了许多孩子组成爱心车队，步行数万里，感动了全国。他用双脚丈量爱的土地，用实际行为教育了年长一代，何为善良、何为无私、何为奉献，让他们看到人间尚有真情。</FONT></P> <P><FONT color=#000000>&nbsp;<WBR>&nbsp;<WBR>&nbsp;<WBR> 还记得长江大学的那群大学生吗？他们为救两个溺水少年搭人链展开营救，甚至于其中三位英雄青年永远地失去生命。江水呜咽，仿佛为之悲泣。他们用生命教育了年长一代，大爱无疆，生命无价，在取舍之间实现自己真正的价值。</FONT></P> <P><FONT color=#000000>&nbsp;<WBR>&nbsp;<WBR>&nbsp;<WBR> 孔子曾言：后生可畏，安知来者之不如今也？在疾速变化的当今世界，年轻人以勇敢和担当从上一代传承了“为天地立心，为生民立命，为往圣继绝学，为万世开太平”的责任，又勇敢地转换了被教育的角色，成为新一代的教育者，对年长一代进行“文化反哺”，传播他们的新的文化；这在纷繁多变的新世界，要有那一份新时代的爱与责任。</FONT></P> <P><FONT color=#000000>&nbsp;<WBR>&nbsp;<WBR>&nbsp;<WBR> 这个世界终将在这角色转换之间，愈加繁荣昌盛；我们的文化，终将在这角色转换之间生生不自息，历久弥新。</FONT></P> <P align=left><FONT color=#000000>&nbsp;<WBR></FONT></P> <P align=center><B><FONT color=#000000>角色转换之间（60）</FONT></B></P> <P><FONT color=#000000>&nbsp;<WBR>&nbsp;<WBR>&nbsp;<WBR> 我从未想过，有一天父亲会坐在书桌前，如同每一个高中生一样求知中带着迷惘。而我，是他的老师。</FONT></P> <P><FONT color=#000000>&nbsp;<WBR>&nbsp;<WBR>&nbsp;<WBR> 父亲是农民。像所有从大山里走出来的人一样，他的裤腿里有永远洗不清黄泥，指缝间布满了永远柔软不了的老茧。这就是父亲，上半生面朝黄土背朝天，下半生在这个布满钢筋混凝土的城市里操着一口浓重的乡音。我看着他日益佝偻的背影消逝在晨光里，如同他六十年代步伐渐远在二十一世纪的新兴文化里。</FONT></P> <P><FONT color=#000000>&nbsp;<WBR>&nbsp;<WBR>&nbsp;<WBR> 现代社会前进的步伐永不停息，在外语、网络语言的潮流之下，父亲一次次地冲得东倒西歪。我的父亲，他在电脑面前手足无措，他在英语面前茫然无知。我的父亲，如同曾经的我，在这个崭新的世界面前一无所知。</FONT></P> <P><FONT color=#000000>巨大的鸿沟跨在我与父亲之间，跨在父亲与城市之间，诉说着迷惘。</FONT></P> <P><FONT color=#000000>&nbsp;<WBR>&nbsp;<WBR>&nbsp;<WBR> 我在一个暑假赴澳，异国的文化让我新奇让我欣喜，让忘了父亲在那个冰冷城市的苦苦挣扎。然而我却收到了来自父亲的电邮，很短很短。他写“囡囡”。窗外的风轻轻地吹过，飘来海洋浓郁的味道。那我眼前却只剩下这两个字。一遍遍，仿佛是回响在心底。大洋彼岸的父亲是怎样用黝黑的手掌抚过键盘，是怎样将浑浊的乡音化成陌生的拼音？隔着大洋，我听到一声呼唤，满含思念。</FONT></P> <P><FONT color=#000000>&nbsp;<WBR>&nbsp;<WBR>&nbsp;<WBR> 记忆回到那个落满槐花的童年。锈蚀的自行车，残损的小黑板，还有那贴满了识字表石灰墙。那里，父亲牵着我手教我识字。我的手掌贴在那刀削皱纹上面，第一次学会过马路，第一次自己上学。那些有着父亲苍老背影的记忆在夜阑时分入梦，醒来的时候，泪痕未干。</FONT></P> <P><FONT color=#000000>&nbsp;<WBR>&nbsp;<WBR>&nbsp;<WBR> 我知道，父亲正在用他并不轻便的双脚追赶时代的步伐。而这，为了他自己，更为了我。</FONT></P> <P><FONT color=#000000>&nbsp;<WBR>&nbsp;<WBR>&nbsp;<WBR> 回国的时候，父亲来机场接我。在那如斯的拥抱里，他说“我学会用电脑了。”在这个我即将离开家、去往远方的时候，他告诉我，他每天会给我发邮件。这就是父亲，上半生追赶日出，下卷土重来追逐我远行的步伐。第一次，我成为父亲的老师。曾经父亲教会我初识世界，教会我待人接物。如今，我教父亲融入这个世界，融入我生活的这个时代。在这个城市里知道自己并不孤独，在远行的路上我知道自己并不孤单，在角色转换之间唯一不变是父亲那坚实的迈向我的步伐。</FONT></P> <P><FONT color=#000000>&nbsp;<WBR>&nbsp;<WBR>&nbsp;<WBR> 现代文明固然瞬息万变，三十年的时光固然漫长，但有一种情可以越过所有距离直达心底。我握着父亲苍老的手在纸上写下“I love you ”。</FONT></P> <P><FONT color=#000000>&nbsp;<WBR>&nbsp;<WBR>&nbsp;<WBR> 曾经的大手握小手，如今的小手牵大手。角色转换之间，父亲和我亦师亦友；角色转换之间，心不变，情不变。</FONT></P> <P><FONT color=#000000>&nbsp;<WBR>&nbsp;<WBR>&nbsp;<WBR> 不论我走向何方，我都知道有一个人正努力地迈向我。</FONT></P> <P><FONT color=#000000>&nbsp;<WBR>&nbsp;<WBR> 在角色转换之间，他始终如一地隐忍地爱我。&nbsp;<WBR>&nbsp;<WBR>&nbsp;<WBR>&nbsp;<WBR></FONT></P> <P><FONT color=#000000>&nbsp;<WBR></FONT></P> <P><FONT color=#000000>&nbsp;<WBR></FONT></P> <P><FONT color=#000000>&nbsp;<WBR></FONT></P> <P align=center><B><FONT color=#000000>角色转换之间（60）</FONT></B></P> <P><FONT color=#000000>&nbsp;<WBR>&nbsp;<WBR>&nbsp;<WBR> “资格老”这个词大概可以算作以父辈对子辈施教为主流的正统传承方式的一个缩影吧。中国自古有以年长者为尊，年轻人为卑的文化传统，但那是在科技文化发展滞缓的古代或近代，对当下这个前所未有的发展时代，已不算得是真理了。</FONT></P> <P><FONT color=#000000>&nbsp;<WBR>&nbsp;<WBR>&nbsp;<WBR> 角色的确在发生转换。从长辈们的生活图景中截取一些片断。不难发现年龄已不再代表“资格”了。逢年过节，亲朋好友坐在饭桌前。爸爸妈妈与舅舅、小姨这些中年人显然是主角。他们有更多的在外打工、上班的经历。有更多的接触电脑、电视、手机等大众传媒的机会。因而也有更多更丰富的信息，或称“文化”。攀谈间，外公、外婆、爸爸等老一辈“无产阶级”多少显得有些被动。他们更多地从儿女那里时代信息并贯彻到自己的生活方式中去，例如少在菜里放些盐。</FONT></P> <P><FONT color=#000000>&nbsp;<WBR>&nbsp;<WBR>&nbsp;<WBR> 而角色也并非“那边独转”，在父辈与我之间，角色或许没有完全转换，但至少已经转换且影响十分明显。一方面由于自己年龄的增长，人格独立性显著增强，不再习惯一味“屈从”父辈的教导而喜欢在一些问题上独立发现意见。另一方面，的确是在科学文化的学习中，在对各方的接触中，丰富了知识，增长了才干，因而有了可以进行角色转换的资本了。</FONT></P> <P><FONT color=#000000>&nbsp;<WBR>&nbsp;<WBR>&nbsp;<WBR> 然而为什么角色转换偏偏出现在我们这个时代呢？</FONT></P> <P><FONT color=#000000>&nbsp;<WBR>&nbsp;<WBR>&nbsp;<WBR> 在中国古代，哪怕是近现代经济事业与社会事业发展都比较缓慢，从整体来看，一定时期的科技文化并没有出现过飞速发展，因而摆在年轻人与老一辈面前的文化资源问题几乎差不多。这就像一老一少都携着一百粒种子去田间播撒，尽管年轻人身强力壮且充满激情，但由于大家都只有一百粒种子，因而成果顶多相等。而老一辈却只可以凭借以年龄积累起来的信息始终在这场老少之争中占据优势。维护父辈对子辈施教的文化主流。</FONT></P> <P><FONT color=#000000>&nbsp;<WBR>&nbsp;<WBR>&nbsp;<WBR> 但在当代，则时过境迁矣！社会事业与经济事业的发展，使年轻人在教育资源上的优势比父辈多得多。因而有眼界去“看世界”，也有途径去看世界。科技文化的巨大发展，对年轻人来说，他们可以“左右开弓”，应对自如，而对父辈，则是“目不暇接”，当然也措手不及、焦头烂额了。正是这一日日的累积，使角色转换变得逼于形势了。</FONT></P> <P><FONT color=#000000>&nbsp;<WBR>&nbsp;<WBR>&nbsp;<WBR> 这一转换当然是社会发展带来的必然结果。但有一点，始终令我深深忧虑。那就是父辈，尤其“老一辈”的父辈，他们在文化信息掌握上的被动地位所带来的消极影响。</FONT></P> <P><FONT color=#000000>&nbsp;<WBR>&nbsp;<WBR>&nbsp;<WBR> 由于父辈在文化上失去了对子辈的优势，他们也就不再有这方面的吸引力，对于仍有独立经济能力的中年或老年人来说，影响可能不大。他们至少还能在物质上完全独立。但对于我爷爷一样已失去经济能力的老人，其文化上地位不可避免地衰落，在某些情形下可能会成为致使的创伤。他们成了真正的弱势群体，这正在或已经考验了子辈以及这个社会。</FONT></P> <P><FONT color=#000000>&nbsp;<WBR>&nbsp;<WBR>&nbsp;<WBR> 角色转换之间，势之必然，于年轻人，几多欢喜，于老一辈，几多愁啊！</FONT></P></BGSOUND><BGSOUND src="" loop=""></BGSOUND></BODY> 2010-8-27 19:17:20 军训琐事-冯建勇 http://www.ohzx.net/rainbow/blog/teacher/templates/content.asp?Diary_ID=3530 <BODY background="" text="" vlink="" Link="" bgColor="" bgproperties=""><P>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <FONT color=#000000 size=4>我这一辈子有时也夹杂着一点传奇，年少时爱看战争片，心里满腔热血以为做名军人绝对骄傲；可梦就像断线风筝，夕阳未斜早无影无踪了。只是正义冲脑莫名的英雄情结纠缠，曾渴望当警察，运用智慧抽丝剥茧查明真相情结惊心动魄；但人生一路读书蜗爬最终成了一名教师。做学生难免军训本可稍稍安慰我的军人情结，可命运无常，军训始终只在边缘徘徊，从未真正参与。高一时候，瓯中操场只是一片黄泥地，领导们也无暇思想此事；大一了，师院刚刚搬新校，大门未成篱笆当墙，学校散乱，军训自然搁置一边，年轻的我们如梦似风，更是虚幻的飘荡在生命空台上，懒得理会无趣世事了。</FONT></P> <P><FONT color=#000000 size=4>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 当了班主任后，上苍有眼格外恩赐，每个高一暑假早早就安排军训，八月酷暑炎热难当，学生累着忍着无法逃脱叫苦连天，我只用在旁边跟着逛着叫着笑着，许是参与了或是幸灾乐祸，惊喜连连携带者点滴兴奋。故事虽然单调，梦想的细节深刻感人，那么抒发的情绪就相当真挚。十多年前景山湖旁惊异于学生频频晕眩的场面确实有些遥远了，七年前安乐谷苗纯真稚嫩的形象历历在目，四年了已经忘记建亮铿然阳刚的新生誓言，如今还是新鲜地围着高一十三队列四周欣赏一种别致的青春生气之美。<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 廖教官是个二十多岁年轻人，身姿挺拔，外表阳刚坚毅，聊天时态度温和，偶尔露出笑容很是可爱，确是个讨人喜欢的军人。只有五天时间，内容安排合理得当，动作示范精准漂亮，要求学生一丝不苟，批评表扬合理适当，想来人生擦身而过此后难再相见，偶尔回忆只在随笔的开端，默然一阵只有祝他年底退伍之后一路顺风。<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 曾经欣赏过电影《大阅兵》片段，很震撼汗水浸湿军服阳光下纹丝不动的笔直身姿突然轰然倒下的场景，这才是真正伟岸，是崇高至美。很庆幸两次上午都安排了二十分钟的站军姿，所有学生立正昂首挺胸双手贴近裤缝，阳光朗照，目光直视着前方，无比坚毅硬朗。二十分钟，时间分秒倒数，学生们一直全身紧张纹丝不动，汗水沿着发烧一滴一滴从眼前滴落，脖颈汗水流淌湿了衣裳，眼前可能一直发黑，双脚麻木，但始终坚持到了最后；一阵哨声后，松弛下来的神经里面传道着幸福的感觉。瓯中的苦难从军训开始，军训的残忍从站军姿开始，然而跨过了这一步，找到了坚持的力量及意义，未来人生之路我们将无往而不胜，必定能收获最多精彩和风景。</FONT></P> <P><FONT color=#000000 size=4>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 还记得最初的齐步走吗？乱糟糟脚步声，动作别扭难看，队列歪斜起伏，路人的眼光有冷冷的笑意，自己的心中也有失望的情绪。早忘记那个晚自修自己鼓励的话语，只自豪于第二天早上焕然一新的整齐队列和一致的步伐；高一十三全体同学的自觉与参与意识打动了我的心，我很幸福，能够陪同你们开始高中最初的这段路程。耳边萦绕着那些嘹亮的口号，余音不绝，更是想起了教室里面响亮的《水手》呐喊，还有那个下午和十二班拉歌的插曲。最难忘还是同学少年的书生意气，英姿飒爽王茜让我激动，温柔娴静毛非凡叫人喜欢，更有亲切如亚呈、懂事像大瑞、可爱似译夫等人；心中激起阵阵骄傲的浪潮，也许军训于我最大的意义让我早早认识到十三班五十位青春男女的非凡魅力和生动人性。</FONT></P> <P><FONT color=#000000 size=4>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 今早经过教室看着黑板报又一次惊叹着林逸然清丽的粉笔字，心里更欣喜那个下午众多同学责无旁贷集体参与意识，多么美好的年轻心灵；而我就和这些年轻的生命为友，这是何等的幸福。而我的背包里一直放着你们两个晚上随意写成的军训日记，偷偷浏览一番内心一阵波澜，总抹不去清新文面精致书写。很震惊，真的；王子儒的文笔多么老练，周以贴的描写何等生动，陈小飞的“感谢”相当真挚，池超凡的内心如此汹涌，孔维峰思想这般深邃。精彩与感动无穷无尽，拙笔所限无足抒写一二，好在未来的日子还长，只要用心经营，我们总能镌刻青春最美的花纹。文章最后总是一阵释然，然而不能忘记那日蓝天白云下广播里雄壮的解说词：一样年轻，四列青春，生气饱满的十三班青春男女无比骄傲，五十张笑颜，五十颗纯洁心灵，五十位最生气的少年，今天用挺拔的身姿坚持四十响整齐的正步，踢出青春三年的响亮最初，迈出人生最壮美的一段路程。我们骄傲，我们铭记，我们坚持，我们拥有最美的未来。</FONT></P><BGSOUND src="" loop=""></BGSOUND></BODY> 2010-8-24 17:36:09 军训琐议-冯建勇 http://www.ohzx.net/rainbow/blog/teacher/templates/content.asp?Diary_ID=3529 <BODY background="" text="" vlink="" Link="" bgColor="" bgproperties=""><P>&nbsp;<FONT color=#000000 size=4>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;军训五日多为烈日当空酷热难当，于是蓝天白云无趣欣赏频频转入阴凉舒爽的休息室中小憩，有时三五同事会坐一堂胡乱聊聊说个玩笑，自有一种轻松。是无心处扳着手指向海咏诉苦吗？短短几日，琐事无穷无了：学生报到，餐饮收费，军服尺寸，班会训话，教室卫生，寝室内务，晚上座位，自我介绍，睡觉安全，学生体检，五楼会议，动员大会，黑板评比，军歌比赛，队列表演，消防演习，军训日记，学籍卡片，书本发放，等等等等。屈指数来，海咏哑然失笑，我的心里却感到一阵阵荒唐荒凉荒诞。</FONT></P> <P><FONT color=#000000 size=4>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 众所周知，除非被迫，瓯中自愿为班主任者寥寥无物，像小虾兄弟聊来也是透露着一副苦楚，能够轻松几年，内心也有饥渴吧；不过还是好奇在如此煎熬之下他的大腹日益便便的诡异。点评一番今年高一的班主任吧：杨胜段长不能不敢拒绝，汪海龙平者可能还有高级的标准杠杠，仲章新来乍到乖顺服从是必须的，剑瑜女子软弱可欺无法推辞只能改良从班主任，至于我和uncle之流也是容易说话的绝对老实之徒；其余能人或桀骜不驯且态度强硬自然可得一身舒爽了。不过我总担心逼迫太过适得其反，如果某日老实如我等者也忍无可忍破罐子破摔大熊猫急跳墙了。</FONT></P> <P><FONT color=#000000 size=4>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 是危言耸听吗？非也。瓯中的班主任工作太繁琐、太麻烦、太让人头痛。我刚刚从高三轻松一身下来，马上载入高一的军训工作，感觉自己就像是飘然于自然的诗人突变为满身疲惫身心狼狈的农民工。早上五点三十起床，赶到操场清点人数，然后站在旁边陪同军训。吃过早饭，赶着学生，回归军训，盯着队列，喊着口号，提醒身姿，偶尔拍照；总有三三两两学生注意力涣散，最终总急煞我等敏感脆弱之内心。中午了，偶尔还要爬五楼走六楼去看看学生的寝室状况，关照着学生的心理状况，提醒着中午休息睡觉吃药以免中暑下午准时别迟到。晚上了总结情况布置作业，偶尔找个学生谈心说说理想，批评表扬适度及时；更有认真者再到寝室回家总在十点后面。粗粗一算一天工作十五个小时，据说一天补贴施恩一百四十多块金钱，廉价如我等只能捶捶良心无法再做其他计较。</FONT></P> <P><FONT color=#000000 size=4>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 湿了衣裳，黑了脸庞，想来还有减肥几斤赘肉的好处。只是平心静气想想，或是沦落人一起聊天的时候，啰嗦不止，诅咒无穷，埋怨相当丰富了。说政教处工作不科学，细节考虑不周到；谈领导冷漠不关心，躲在空调舒爽中如何理解我们的苦难；很相信自己的奉献与良知，无奈于惨淡的现状，悲哀着瓯中的前途和没希望；只盼望有朝一日毅然离开班主任，轻轻松松地当个自在教书匠。多少人扬言高一之后坚决向领导请辞班主任这一光荣岗位，心里怀疑是否有一天瓯中居然无人来当班主任了。那可如何是好呢？是不是就让已经艰苦异常中层和众多校长来担任班主任呢?人数略有亏缺那就以一顶二吧，即为领导自有超人之处，如金炳贵校长就曾挺身而出勇兼此任；生活贵在体验呀，领导们痛过苦过抱怨过，就更容易体谅其中酸楚；从此难说工作也许就轻松了，会议精简了，工资居然涨了，班主任人选也就不愁了。</FONT></P> <P><FONT color=#000000 size=4>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 无端幻想如此场面：瓯中的男女老少老师个个渴望着当班主任，期末一到纷纷申请，为此挤破领导办公室，苦苦哀求只差跪倒在校长的面前，甚而托关系找后门当个副班主任也幸福如包了二奶。真的这样，瓯中是否就相当有希望了。只是现实里苦难日子还要继续吧，那么瓯中的希望就无从提起。虽是主观的自以为然，但是还是渴望着普遍的尊重，并期待着辛苦之中有些心甘情愿的满足和些许幸福的渣滓。谁来给我们希望？面面相觑，暗自叹息，想领导亦自有困难；于是，自己设疑，自己苦笑着解脱吧。</FONT></P><BGSOUND src="" loop=""></BGSOUND></BODY> 2010-8-23 19:56:28 那些花儿，这些学生-冯建勇 http://www.ohzx.net/rainbow/blog/teacher/templates/content.asp?Diary_ID=3528 <BODY background="" text="" vlink="" Link="" bgColor="" bgproperties=""><P><FONT color=#000000 size=4><FONT size=3>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT>&nbsp;写下题目耳旁就响起范玮琪的歌曲《那些花儿》，不过现时的我不会追问“他们在哪里呀”，也不会遥想“各自奔天涯”的宿命，只是憧憬着“那些笑声”“那些花儿”静静地开放在我生命的角落。追溯的最初只是一张白纸上的五十位同学的名字，读了三遍也只是好奇着“江依帆”“应亚呈”“周以贴”三位女生的名字，想象中一片空白，略略一点激动明天的第一次相遇。早上七点半收到一位女生的电话，到校时已是八点多了，前三位报道的是男生，分别为沈平平、张译夫和林大瑞；接着才出现一位女生--郑赛芳。十点多就注册了四十九位学生，王华据说发烧了，给他青岛的父亲打了电话，希望晚上能够赶来，毕竟渴望着一个完满的开始。</FONT></P> <P><FONT color=#000000 size=4>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 下午两点半开始第一次班会，介绍了自己，说到了缘分，提醒着珍惜；似乎重点提及了自己的光头。掉发是一种无奈，只是在我却有了随遇而安的趣味，心里隐隐的有着骄傲。想学生必定讶异着班主任的奇异个性，兴趣所在，我不能不有所阐发了。落尽了三千烦恼丝，我的心在碌碌红尘中守住了一份宁静，希望学生也能静心于瓯中三年的求学。古人习惯削发明志，愿自己用心地爱我的学生，珍惜一起的时光，努力参与他们的青春， 一起获取知识、快乐、意义还有最美的回忆，且也满心地希望着学生亦能用心地爱我。光亮的头颅也许会在无数个黑夜中为迷茫的孩子指引着方向，一起前行，走出迷惘，走向远方。</FONT></P> <P><FONT color=#000000 size=4>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 王华已经来了，五十个人全部到齐了，约定了晚自修6点开始的，只是有几个学生却迟到了。心里真的急躁，池鹏宇虽满头是汗地跑来，却也不能轻易地原谅，只让他站在走廊上等待；不过好在没有愤怒，年纪大了，我也沉稳很多了。然而，张译夫六点三十分还没有出现，我无奈地到楼上开会了；不久学生就电话短信纷纷传来，也许在奇怪班主任居然失踪了。和上一届学生完全一样，第一个晚自修总在等待里开始，批评是次要的，而树立时间观绝对重要。在黑板上写下了“抢先”两个字，从时间到学习，从为人之道及尊重之观念，确定了第一条班规：一切聚会提前五分钟，宁愿我等人，勿让他人等我。</FONT></P> <P><FONT color=#000000 size=4>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 安排座位意外的顺利，也许依然有人感到遗憾，但论及道理层面学生出奇的和顺，我心里的确欣慰。自然地开始了学生自我介绍，时限两分钟，目的给他人留下深刻印象；看似简单，却包含着智慧，我很期待。五十位青春儿女纷纷登场，态度始终从容大方，或妙解名字，或交流兴趣，有直述性格理想，也展示才艺智慧；意气奋发，精彩纷呈，让座下的我瞠目结舌又暗暗窃喜。为师十几载多担任班主任之职，却是第一次被学生在讲台上展示的魅力所倾倒，至今还忘不了吴梓炜的煽情、“孔鲁生”的深意、李超豪的数学、周雅丽的安静、金晓曼王子儒的流利日语，真正地感染着林语欣的乐观、王茜的率真和应亚呈的开朗，当然耳边还回荡着江依帆悦耳的声音。</FONT></P> <P><FONT color=#000000 size=4>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 我在努力地深刻着我学生最初美好的举动，然而我总怕会忘记了；时光无情以及年轻的懵懂，心里窃以为大家都会漫不经心地错过最初很多美好的细节，所以军训动员结束之后，我就迫不及待地拉着他们在西岛拍下了我们的第一张合影。我喜欢这身迷彩服张扬着青春的活力，我喜欢看五十张笑脸闪现着人生最纯真的心灵，我喜欢把曾经拥有的美好定格为我们彼此心里的永远。总有一天我们都会老去，但我们都会怀念那一天，那时我们会骄傲的微笑，也会幸福的流泪，真的如此，人生就不虚行这一遭了。瓯中没有白桦林，但我们的心里必定铭刻这干净的大理石台阶、高大的体育馆以及眼前翠路的羊蹄甲。</FONT></P> <P><FONT color=#000000 size=4>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 好了，这就是我和这些学生的最初，最初的美好在我的书写记录中已经静静地过去了，但回忆的花瓣也烙在了时光的心扉。在我的心里分明相信：只要用心经营且珍惜，那些蓓蕾花开的芬芳将弥漫于我的回忆甚至者直入在我的现实人生；绝对陶醉，肯定快乐，伴着幸福，直至永远。<IMG border=0 hspace=0 alt="" src="http://www.ohzx.net/sourcefile/0/0/4/4550.JPG" width=1000 height=855></FONT></P><BGSOUND src="" loop=""></BGSOUND></BODY> 2010-8-22 21:23:15 嘿，好久不见-冯建勇 http://www.ohzx.net/rainbow/blog/teacher/templates/content.asp?Diary_ID=3510 <BODY background="" text="" vlink="" Link="" bgColor="" bgproperties=""><P>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <FONT color=#000000 size=4>寻着远方的一座山，想着一条古老的路，终看见一间老去的木屋，推开破旧的门扉，就闪出一帧帧熟悉的黑白画面。是不是每个人的心里都有一生无法释怀的某些画面，牵引着，缠绕着；有一天，许是倦了，或是某些机缘，在某个黄昏来到了这画面的中间，在吱呀一声推门里，还能捡起碎了一地的零落过往。掸去一身尘土，站在荒草中间，没有零星的白花，却见空空的现状。每个人都有梦吧，寻梦，那就回头，回去；偶尔撞进了青色的小巷，黯然神伤间，心中油然一声：嘿，好久不见！</FONT></P> <P><FONT color=#000000 size=4>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 就是在时光里漂流，不为寻找某处码头，只是随心所欲着生命的方向。告别了很多的过去，但谁又能决然地不再回头呢？过去里太多的柔软包裹着深刻的烙印，碾展开后总能呈现一朵花的饰纹，美得让人心情摇曳；无法把握的感动碰撞着你的心壁，一切作罢后只会心甘情愿地回眸。“嘿，好久不见。”五个字包含了我全部绽放的情绪，无法如花，却释放出一缕芬芳，这就是最初的美丽，也是现在的全部。</FONT></P> <P><FONT color=#000000 size=4>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 轻松了三年，原以为班主任已经离我非常遥远，这一天又突然回到了眼前，没有惊慌失措的无助，反有一份莫名的感动。别再问我为什么又当了班主任好吗。就当是我回去了过往的一个梦中；不想解释，就臆测为这是我的命定吧。</FONT></P> <P><FONT color=#000000 size=4>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;班主任的生活不是诗意的童年生活之憧憬，然而均掺入了柔软的情愫就自有相似之处。拉长的台阶走廊，紧张的生活节奏，繁琐无尽的班级小事，天真无暇的少年的眼神，无来由参与着一种心动。“嘿，好久不见。”我想挥手打声向谁招呼，眼前学生的表情有些迷惑不解。站在讲台上，很自然地浮起张爱玲的那段文字：于千万人之中遇见你所遇见的人，于千万年之中，时间的无涯的荒野里，没有早一步，没有晚一步，刚好赶上了，那也没有别的话可说，唯有轻轻地问一声：“哦，你也在这里吗？”</FONT></P> <P><FONT color=#000000 size=4>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 从“好久不见”到“你也在这里”，这似乎是一条遥远的路程，然而在辗转了许久之后其实我们一直都在自己人生的轨迹中。“一直很安静”，“要自在漂浮才美丽”，总以为自己确实看透了很多：以前的人生是被动着努力，从今的生命绝对应是从容的美丽。蓄积了三十多年的体验，看着眼前纯真稚嫩的青春面孔，我会用心的编导一份别致的精彩吧。我的青春多么遥远，只能回忆了；做为班主任却能不由自主地参与到了五十多位年轻孩子的人生中，我惶恐且激动，我希望我会做得更好。真的，看着眼前一闪而过的三年，有一种真实的幻影，在迎来且远送的轮回里，我自己也在一次次地历经着青春的碾压；回忆片片焕新，生命似乎也在不断的充实。</FONT></P> <P><FONT color=#000000 size=4>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 年近不惑，天真远离，一切都有尽头；就当是一种缘分，就以为是天命的恩赐，我又回到了曾经的路上。走过了，走着，辛苦难免，幸福谁又能否认？班主任多么熟悉的字眼和感觉呀，好久不见了，真的，有些好怀念呀；不说了，我的心里面有些期待了。</FONT></P><BGSOUND src="" loop=""></BGSOUND></BODY> 2010-8-21 21:14:03 考前我都讲到了，还做不对，谁笨？-李小华 http://www.ohzx.net/rainbow/blog/teacher/templates/content.asp?Diary_ID=3492 <BODY background="" text="" vlink="" Link="" bgColor="" bgproperties=""> <BODY style="SCROLLBAR-ARROW-COLOR: #000000; BORDER-BOTTOM: 0px; BORDER-LEFT: 0px; SCROLLBAR-FACE-COLOR: #d4d0c8; SCROLLBAR-DARKSHADOW-COLOR: #d4d0c8; SCROLLBAR-BASE-COLOR: #d4d0c8; SCROLLBAR-HIGHLIGHT-COLOR: #808080; SCROLLBAR-SHADOW-COLOR: #808080; BORDER-TOP: 0px; SCROLLBAR-TRACK-COLOR: #d4d0c8; BORDER-RIGHT: 0px; SCROLLBAR-3DLIGHT-COLOR: #d4d0c8"><P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">考前我都讲到了，还做不对，谁笨？</SPAN></P> <P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">经常听到一些老师在考完试后这样说：“这些问题在考试前我都讲到了，还很具体，考试还做不对，你们真笨”。听后也没有什么感觉，认为是合理的。</SPAN></P> <P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">我们今年暑假有幸到参加瓯海区名师培养对象上海研修培训，聆听了上海市静安区教育学院院长张人利老师的报告《“后茶院式教学”——一项有效教研的实践》，感触颇深。其中之一便是张老师的“相异构想”的理念。正是这个理念，使我对上面的问题有了新的看法。</SPAN></P> <P style="TEXT-INDENT: 31.5pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 3.0" class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">他指出：</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">不同的教学水平不但影响学生“最近发展区”的大小，而且还会影响发展区域的质量。学生在学习某一项知识之前，头脑里并非一片空白，他们通过日常生活的各种经历，形成了对事物形形色色的看法，养成了一套独有的思维方式。他们的这种看法及思维方式，有时与正确的概念及思维方法大相径庭，教学上称学生的这种想法为“相异构想”。</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">是的，学生在原有知识基础、认知水平各不相同，高低不一的情况下，如果用“一刀切”的教学方式去教能适合几个学生的发展？<?xml:namespace prefix = st1 ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" /><st1:PersonName w:st="on" ProductID="张">张</st1:PersonName>老师还举出一个自己经历的例子：物理考试有个女生在考前讲过的题目，可考试时还是没能做对。</SPAN></P> <P style="TEXT-INDENT: 31.5pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 3.0" class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">我深有同感！今年高考中有一题目被我猜到了，在考试两天我在全班进行讲解，可是在考试中，还有个几个学生那道题目还是没做对，这不由的使我想到，其实那几个学生的“相异构想”我就没有预设到，我只是用一种方法在灌输给他们知识，而不是启发，起码那几个学生的“相异构想”没有解决！所以他们还是不会。不是学生笨，而是和张教师说的一样，是老师笨，老师不会用不同的、更适合的方法去关注每一个学生，没能做到全体学生的共同发展。</SPAN></P> <P style="TEXT-INDENT: 31.5pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 3.0" class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">这样的理念给我们一个启示，在教学时要多关注学生时怎么想的，特别关注师生之间理解的偏差，例如在课下一些同学围着老师问题的时候，其实反映出更多的就是“相异构想”，如果我们老师能多多积累，可以提高课堂教学的实效。</SPAN></P></BODY><BGSOUND src="" loop=""></BGSOUND></BODY> 2010-8-4 11:43:14 在高三（7）（8）班讲座2010.5.15-李小华 http://www.ohzx.net/rainbow/blog/teacher/templates/content.asp?Diary_ID=3491 <BODY background="" text="" vlink="" Link="" bgColor="" bgproperties=""> <BODY style="SCROLLBAR-ARROW-COLOR: #000000; BORDER-BOTTOM: 0px; BORDER-LEFT: 0px; SCROLLBAR-FACE-COLOR: #d4d0c8; SCROLLBAR-DARKSHADOW-COLOR: #d4d0c8; SCROLLBAR-BASE-COLOR: #d4d0c8; SCROLLBAR-HIGHLIGHT-COLOR: #808080; SCROLLBAR-SHADOW-COLOR: #808080; BORDER-TOP: 0px; SCROLLBAR-TRACK-COLOR: #d4d0c8; BORDER-RIGHT: 0px; SCROLLBAR-3DLIGHT-COLOR: #d4d0c8">&nbsp; <DIV class=O v:shape="_x0000_s1026" target="_blank"><FONT size=5><A href="http://www.ohzx.net/sourcefile/0/0/4/4549.ppt">最后20天，在凤凰涅槃中浴火重生</A></FONT></DIV> <P><FONT size=5>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; ——在高三（7）（8）班讲座2010.5.15</FONT></P></BODY><BGSOUND src="" loop=""></BGSOUND></BODY> 2010-8-4 10:59:37 抓住课堂——提高学生的学业效能-李小华 http://www.ohzx.net/rainbow/blog/teacher/templates/content.asp?Diary_ID=3490 <BODY background="" text="" vlink="" Link="" bgColor="" bgproperties=""> <BODY style="SCROLLBAR-ARROW-COLOR: #000000; BORDER-BOTTOM: 0px; BORDER-LEFT: 0px; SCROLLBAR-FACE-COLOR: #d4d0c8; SCROLLBAR-DARKSHADOW-COLOR: #d4d0c8; SCROLLBAR-BASE-COLOR: #d4d0c8; SCROLLBAR-HIGHLIGHT-COLOR: #808080; SCROLLBAR-SHADOW-COLOR: #808080; BORDER-TOP: 0px; SCROLLBAR-TRACK-COLOR: #d4d0c8; BORDER-RIGHT: 0px; SCROLLBAR-3DLIGHT-COLOR: #d4d0c8"><P style="TEXT-INDENT: 110.25pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 10.5" class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">抓住课堂——提高学生的学业效能</SPAN></P> <P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">提高学生的学业效能要落实在教学的中心环节——课堂。在常态课中，教师怎么教？学生怎样学？当前有四个突出的问题：</SPAN></P> <P style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US>1</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、当前教师总体讲的太多，但是大多数教师并没有意识到自己讲的太多，教师有意无意的将讲解作为学习的唯一途径；</SPAN></P> <P style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US>2</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、学生的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">潜意识</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">暴露不够，特别是</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">相异构想</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">没有显现出来，更没有得到解决，教师只是告诉学生什么是正确的，没有关注这些问题是怎样想到的；</SPAN></P> <P style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US>3</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、许多教师不明白自己每个教学行为的价值取向究竟何在？课堂为什么提问？为什么合作学习？等，许多教师带有盲目性，表现茫然；</SPAN></P> <P style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US>4</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、教师在第一次教学中学生的差异问题常常束手无策，似乎除了对学习困难的补课之外没有其他方法。</SPAN></P> <P style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">解决以上问题的关键点在于要真正树立以学生发展为本的思想，教师要改变以学科教学为本，让学生通过先学，发现学生的问题，暴露其错误的部分，讲解那些学生不懂的东西，而不是机械地从教参或者从教师本人对教学重、难点的理解出发。也就是教师要彻底从教为中心转为学生学为中心的一种转变。</SPAN></P></BODY><BGSOUND src="" loop=""></BGSOUND></BODY> 2010-8-4 10:45:35 外公的诗-陈海峰 http://www.ohzx.net/rainbow/blog/teacher/templates/content.asp?Diary_ID=3489 <BODY background="" text="" vlink="" Link="" bgColor="" bgproperties=""> <BODY style="BORDER-RIGHT: 0px; BORDER-TOP: 0px; SCROLLBAR-FACE-COLOR: #d4d0c8; SCROLLBAR-HIGHLIGHT-COLOR: #808080; BORDER-LEFT: 0px; SCROLLBAR-SHADOW-COLOR: #808080; SCROLLBAR-3DLIGHT-COLOR: #d4d0c8; SCROLLBAR-ARROW-COLOR: #000000; SCROLLBAR-TRACK-COLOR: #d4d0c8; BORDER-BOTTOM: 0px; SCROLLBAR-DARKSHADOW-COLOR: #d4d0c8; SCROLLBAR-BASE-COLOR: #d4d0c8"><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体">外公今年已八十有余，十几岁时已是一名教师了，家乡老一辈的人见面还是称呼他为“<?xml:namespace prefix = st1 ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" /><st1:PersonName w:st="on" ProductID="穆">穆</st1:PersonName>先生”以示尊敬。因为出身大地主家庭，文革前即遭不幸，文革中更是备受折磨，文革结束后又迟迟得不到平反，郁郁不得志久已。现退养在家颐养天年，闲暇时以诗、书自娱。前几日，胞弟发来外公旧体诗几首示我，读诗后不禁潸然泪下，感叹外公命运多舛，人生无常！诗作如下：<SPAN lang=EN-US><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体">春临<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></B></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体">草树逢春得生机，残雪嫉恨欲相摧。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体">幸蒙青帝作主宰，千紫犹自争芳菲。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体">迎春花<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></B></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体">为迎新春开花早，遭逢霜冻摧花落。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体">于今万紫争艳时，失花迎春犹寂寥。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体">院花开放<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></B></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体">庭前牡丹齐开放，鲜花似锦映玉堂。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体">朝霞有情烘秀色，惠风着意索清香。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体">菊花<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></B></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体">九月金风吹冷霜，万紫凋谢叶飞扬。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体">惟独庭院籬畔菊，临风展枝舞夕阳。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体">修剪花枝<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></B></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体">金风习习天气寒，败叶纷纷花卉残。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 新宋体">闲暇执剪修花枝，惟盼来年锦庭前。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P></BODY><BGSOUND src="" loop=""></BGSOUND></BODY> 2010-6-12 9:38:00 考前信息卷-项洪文 http://www.ohzx.net/rainbow/blog/teacher/templates/content.asp?Diary_ID=3488 <BODY background="" text="" vlink="" Link="" bgColor="" bgproperties=""> <BODY style="BORDER-RIGHT: 0px; BORDER-TOP: 0px; SCROLLBAR-FACE-COLOR: #d4d0c8; SCROLLBAR-HIGHLIGHT-COLOR: #808080; BORDER-LEFT: 0px; SCROLLBAR-SHADOW-COLOR: #808080; SCROLLBAR-3DLIGHT-COLOR: #d4d0c8; SCROLLBAR-ARROW-COLOR: #000000; SCROLLBAR-TRACK-COLOR: #d4d0c8; BORDER-BOTTOM: 0px; SCROLLBAR-DARKSHADOW-COLOR: #d4d0c8; SCROLLBAR-BASE-COLOR: #d4d0c8"><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋"><FONT face="宋体, MS Song">文综</FONT></SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">历<SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN>史<SPAN lang=EN-US><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></B></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 50%; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=center><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 50%; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋"><FONT face="宋体, MS Song">考前信息卷<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></SPAN></B></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></SPAN></B></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">1.</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">《弟子规》中的“奸巧语，秽污词，市井气，切戒之；见未真，勿轻言，知未的，勿轻传；事非宜，勿轻诺，苟轻诺，进退错。”强调的是伦理道德中的<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">A.</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">孝<SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>B.</SPAN>节<SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>C.</SPAN>悌<SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>D.</SPAN>信<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">1.D<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">2.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">在中国传统信函中形成一套固定的礼貌用语。向对方称呼自己母亲的用词是<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">A</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">．尊翁<SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>B</SPAN>．家慈<SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>C</SPAN>．先考<SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>D</SPAN>．令严<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">2.</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">B<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">3</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">．“改革开放<SPAN lang=EN-US>30</SPAN>周年<SPAN lang=EN-US>10</SPAN>大流行语”分别是……下海、不管黑猫白猫，抓到老鼠就是好猫、上网、①、北京奥运、炒股、②和雄起。其中①②是对其余<SPAN lang=EN-US>8</SPAN>条产生决定性影响的流行语，它们应该是<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">A.</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">西部开发、解放思想<SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>B.</SPAN>中国加入世贸组织、市场经济<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">C.</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">改革开放、中国特色社会主义<SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </SPAN>D.</SPAN>对外开放、大国崛起<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">3</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">．<SPAN lang=EN-US>C<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN>注意题干中“对其余<SPAN lang=EN-US>8</SPAN>条产生决定性影响”的限制，改革开放<SPAN lang=EN-US>30</SPAN>周年当然少不了“改革开放”，而且它带给中国的影响是自上而下的全方位的巨变。而“中国特色社会主义”是改革开放以来人们耳熟能详的一个词。在党的十二大上，邓小平提出“走自己的路，建设有中国特色社会主义”的论断。此后，从党的十三大到十七大，关于“中国特色社会主义”的理论阐述始终指引着中国前进的方向。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">4</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">．“曼彻斯特棉纺织工厂都是大建筑，这样建造是为了容纳最大量的人。为了尽量利用一切地方，工厂建成几层，各层尽可能不高，机器占了最大的面积。不少工厂往往昼夜开工，为了开夜工，要用大量的蜡烛。”以上现象最早发生在<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">A.</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">资本主义萌芽时期<SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>B.</SPAN>工业革命时期<SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">C.</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">第二次工业革命时期<SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>D.</SPAN>国家垄断资本主义时期<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">4</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">．<SPAN lang=EN-US>B</SPAN>解答本题的关键是抓住材料中的关键信息。由“工厂”“机器”可排除<SPAN lang=EN-US>A</SPAN>；由“开夜工，要用大量蜡烛”说明当时还没有发明电灯，故可排除<SPAN lang=EN-US>CD</SPAN>。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">5</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">．《梦溪笔谈》中记载：“皇佑（宋仁宗年号）二年，吴中大饥，</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">殍殣枕路。</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">枕路。是时范文正（范仲淹）领浙西，发粟及募民存饷<SPAN lang=EN-US>(</SPAN>粮食<SPAN lang=EN-US>)</SPAN>，为术甚备<SPAN lang=EN-US>……</SPAN>又召诸佛寺主首，谕之曰：<SPAN lang=EN-US>‘</SPAN>饥岁工价至贱，可以大兴土木之役。<SPAN lang=EN-US>’</SPAN>于是诸寺工作鼎兴。<SPAN lang=EN-US>”</SPAN>范仲淹救灾措施的主要特点是<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-pagination: widow-orphan"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">A</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">．宣传佛教，要求百姓忍耐<SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>B</SPAN>．鼓励百姓生产，实行自救<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-pagination: widow-orphan"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">C</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">．救济与<SPAN lang=EN-US>“</SPAN>以工代赈<SPAN lang=EN-US>”</SPAN>相结合<SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>D</SPAN>．寺院提供饮食，救济百姓<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">5.C<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">从材料中的“领浙西，</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">发粟及募民存饷</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">”可知范仲淹采取了社会救济的措施；从“</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">饥岁工价至贱，可以大兴土木之役</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">”可知实行的是以工代赈的措施，故选<SPAN lang=EN-US>C</SPAN>。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">6.</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">下表是</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">《中国的世界记录》收录的中国古代科技成果统计数据。出现图示情况的根本原因是</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <TABLE class=MsoNormalTable style="BORDER-RIGHT: black 1pt outset; BORDER-TOP: black 1pt outset; BORDER-LEFT: black 1pt outset; BORDER-BOTTOM: black 1pt outset; mso-table-layout-alt: fixed; mso-border-alt: outset black .75pt; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; mso-border-insideh: .75pt outset black; mso-border-insidev: .75pt outset black; mso-cellspacing: 0cm" cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=0 border=1> <TBODY> <TR style="mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes"> <TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: black 1pt inset; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: black 1pt inset; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: black 1pt inset; WIDTH: 36pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: black 1pt inset; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: inset black .75pt" vAlign=top width=48> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 3.75pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto" align=center><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">类别<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P></TD> <TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: black 1pt inset; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: black 1pt inset; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: black 1pt inset; WIDTH: 36pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: black 1pt inset; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: inset black .75pt" vAlign=top width=48> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 3.75pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto" align=center><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">数学<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P></TD> <TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: black 1pt inset; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: black 1pt inset; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: black 1pt inset; WIDTH: 63.75pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: black 1pt inset; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: inset black .75pt" vAlign=top width=85> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 3.75pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto" align=center><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">天文历法气象<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P></TD> <TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: black 1pt inset; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: black 1pt inset; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: black 1pt inset; WIDTH: 27pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: black 1pt inset; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: inset black .75pt" vAlign=top width=36> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 3.75pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto" align=center><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">地学<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P></TD> <TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: black 1pt inset; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: black 1pt inset; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: black 1pt inset; WIDTH: 36pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: black 1pt inset; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: inset black .75pt" vAlign=top width=48> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 3.75pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto" align=center><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">化学<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P></TD> <TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: black 1pt inset; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: black 1pt inset; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: black 1pt inset; WIDTH: 36pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: black 1pt inset; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: inset black .75pt" vAlign=top width=48> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 3.75pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto" align=center><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">农学<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P></TD> <TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: black 1pt inset; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: black 1pt inset; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: black 1pt inset; WIDTH: 36pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: black 1pt inset; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: inset black .75pt" vAlign=top width=48> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 3.75pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto" align=center><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">机械<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P></TD> <TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: black 1pt inset; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: black 1pt inset; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: black 1pt inset; WIDTH: 36pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: black 1pt inset; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: inset black .75pt" vAlign=top width=48> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 3.75pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto" align=center><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">水利<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P></TD> <TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: black 1pt inset; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: black 1pt inset; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: black 1pt inset; WIDTH: 36pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: black 1pt inset; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: inset black .75pt" vAlign=top width=48> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 3.75pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto" align=center><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">轻工<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P></TD> <TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: black 1pt inset; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: black 1pt inset; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: black 1pt inset; WIDTH: 45pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: black 1pt inset; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: inset black .75pt" vAlign=top width=60> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 3.75pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto" align=center><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">兵器<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P></TD></TR> <TR style="mso-yfti-lastrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 1"> <TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: black 1pt inset; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: black 1pt inset; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: black 1pt inset; WIDTH: 36pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: black 1pt inset; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: inset black .75pt" vAlign=top width=48> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 3.75pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto" align=center><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">项数<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P></TD> <TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: black 1pt inset; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: black 1pt inset; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: black 1pt inset; WIDTH: 36pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: black 1pt inset; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: inset black .75pt" vAlign=top width=48> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 3.75pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto" align=center><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">22<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></TD> <TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: black 1pt inset; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: black 1pt inset; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: black 1pt inset; WIDTH: 63.75pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: black 1pt inset; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: inset black .75pt" vAlign=top width=85> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 3.75pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto" align=center><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">25<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></TD> <TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: black 1pt inset; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: black 1pt inset; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: black 1pt inset; WIDTH: 27pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: black 1pt inset; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: inset black .75pt" vAlign=top width=36> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 3.75pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto" align=center><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">25<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></TD> <TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: black 1pt inset; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: black 1pt inset; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: black 1pt inset; WIDTH: 36pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: black 1pt inset; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: inset black .75pt" vAlign=top width=48> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 3.75pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto" align=center><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">9<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></TD> <TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: black 1pt inset; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: black 1pt inset; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: black 1pt inset; WIDTH: 36pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: black 1pt inset; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: inset black .75pt" vAlign=top width=48> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 3.75pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto" align=center><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">25<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></TD> <TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: black 1pt inset; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: black 1pt inset; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: black 1pt inset; WIDTH: 36pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: black 1pt inset; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: inset black .75pt" vAlign=top width=48> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 3.75pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto" align=center><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">7<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></TD> <TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: black 1pt inset; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: black 1pt inset; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: black 1pt inset; WIDTH: 36pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: black 1pt inset; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: inset black .75pt" vAlign=top width=48> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 3.75pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto" align=center><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">7<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></TD> <TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: black 1pt inset; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: black 1pt inset; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: black 1pt inset; WIDTH: 36pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: black 1pt inset; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: inset black .75pt" vAlign=top width=48> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 3.75pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto" align=center><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">8<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></TD> <TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: black 1pt inset; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: black 1pt inset; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: black 1pt inset; WIDTH: 45pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: black 1pt inset; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: inset black .75pt" vAlign=top width=60> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 3.75pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto" align=center><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">8<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">A.</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">自然经济占统治地位<SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>B.</SPAN>儒家民本思想的影响<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">C.</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">传统手工业高度发达<SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>D.</SPAN>重农抑商政策的推行<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">6</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">．<SPAN lang=EN-US>A<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN>由表中的材料可知，我国古代的科技成果多集中在数学、天文、地学与农学方面，这些成就的取得与古代农业的发展有关。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">7</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">．阅读材料，回答问题：<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 黑体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体">材料一</SPAN></B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体">在很多方面，宋朝是中国历史上最令人激动的时代……完全称得上当时世界上最大、生产力水平最高和最发达的国家……宋朝初期的几位皇帝谨慎地消除了宫廷太监和大地主家族的势力，重建了以人文官员为行政核心的制度，通过科举考试增补的文官没有自己的权力背景……他们往往掌握了儒教学说的广博知识……任何背景的才德之士都可以通过考试出任官职……期票、信用证及后来官方大量发行的纸币，适应了商业的发展。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: right" align=right><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">——摘自罗兹·墨菲《亚洲史》<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 黑体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体">材料二</SPAN></B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体">宋朝的军事力量不是特别强大，但是宋朝的农业、技术、手工业和商业却有了不同凡响的发展，这些发展使得中国成为欧亚大陆的经济发动机。经济的发展始于唐朝，但是其结果在宋朝统治的大片繁华富庶的地区变得更为清晰。唐宋时期经济的急剧增长所带来的价值和意义远远超出了中国的边界。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 147pt; mso-char-indent-count: 14.0"><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">——摘自许倬云《万古江河<SPAN lang=EN-US>—</SPAN>中国历史文化的转折和发展》<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 黑体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体">材料三<SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体">北宋以后，由于经济重心转移到了长江流域，黄河流域的人口大量南迁，使得中原地区变得空虚起来，给了游牧民族入主中原的机会。北宋与辽、南宋与金的恩怨就是这种状况的写照。随后，蒙古和满族也都先后成为了中国的统治者……我们似乎很幸运，在我们的文明面临生存危机的时候，我们利用水稻这种植物成功地应付下来，使得历史发展回到了原来的轨道上。我们始终守着最让人感觉踏实的农业，无论商业还是工业都显得没有什么必要，甚至是不务正业。于是，机会在贫瘠的小麦田垄中到来，很快又从肥沃的水稻沟渠中流走了。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: right" align=right><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">——摘自张博文《小麦与水稻的接力赛》<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 10.5pt 0pt 0cm"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 黑体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体">材料四<SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体">在西方列强手下遭到的第二次失败，使得中国少数有远见的知识分子再次重新考虑他们传统的准则和政策。他们的对策是所谓的“自强”运动。这一词语本身出自儒家经典著作，在<SPAN lang=EN-US>19</SPAN>世纪<SPAN lang=EN-US>60</SPAN>年代，通过移植西方的机械制造来保护中国文明。在这一点上，中国的领导者这时已准备超越纯军事范畴，广泛地将铁路、轮船航线、机械工厂和应用科学包括在内。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 10.5pt 0pt 0cm; TEXT-ALIGN: right" align=right><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">——费正清<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 15.9pt 0pt 0cm; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">（<SPAN lang=EN-US>1</SPAN>）根据材料一合材料二，指出二者对宋朝认识上的异同点。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 15.9pt 0pt 0cm; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 15.9pt 0pt 0cm; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">（<SPAN lang=EN-US>2</SPAN>）根据材料一、二并结合所学知识，说明宋朝成为“当时世界上……最发达国家”的具体原因。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 15.9pt 0pt 0cm; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 15.9pt 0pt 0cm; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 15.9pt 0pt 0cm; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">（<SPAN lang=EN-US>3</SPAN>）根据材料三、四并结合所学知识，指出北宋王朝、清王朝出现统治危机的共同原因和应对危机的异同之处，并从文明演进的角度说明这两种危机的实质。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 15.75pt 0pt 0cm"><SPAN style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">（<SPAN lang=EN-US>1</SPAN>）同：高度肯定了宋朝在中国和世界上的地位。异：材料一强调了宋朝时期中国的综合国力居世界第一；材料二强调宋朝时期封建经济的发展，推动了中华文明和世界文明的发展。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 15.75pt 0pt 0cm"><SPAN style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">（<SPAN lang=EN-US>2</SPAN>）政治：制度先进，确立了以文官为行政核心的制度，强化了中央集权，保证了政局的稳定。经济：农业、手工业和商业继续全面发展，奠定了物质基础。科技：科技著作和发明的大量涌现，火药、指南针、印刷术的运用，世界领先。思想文化：儒家思想发展为新儒学，理学、文学交相辉映。民族关系：民族融合进一步加强。对外关系：中外经济文化交流频繁。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 15.75pt 0pt 0cm"><SPAN style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">（<SPAN lang=EN-US>3</SPAN>）共同原因：都是与统治腐朽、君主专制和过分集权有关。都与经济格局的变动有关。北宋的危机与中国经济重心的南移导致中原空虚有关。清朝的危机与工业革命后世界经济格局的变动（使得西方列强图谋中国的市场、原料）有关。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 15.75pt 0pt 0cm"><SPAN style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">应对危机：同：都坚持儒家思想的治国理念，开展地主阶级改革运动，如王安石变法和洋务运动。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 15.75pt 0pt 0cm"><SPAN style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">异：北宋坚持以农为本，没有突破重农抑商政策，成效不大；清王朝积极引进西方先进技术，突破重农抑商政策的束缚，开启了近代化的大门。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 15.75pt 0pt 0cm"><SPAN style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">危机实质：北宋所遇到的统治危机是中国古代农耕文明与游牧文明的冲突，清王朝遇到的统治危机则是近代工业文明和传统农业文明的碰撞。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 15.75pt 0pt 0cm"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 15.75pt 0pt 0cm"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 15.75pt 0pt 0cm"><?xml:namespace prefix = v ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:vml" /><v:shapetype id=_x0000_t75 stroked="f" filled="f" path="m@4@5l@4@11@9@11@9@5xe" o:preferrelative="t" o:spt="75" coordsize="21600,21600"><v:stroke joinstyle="miter"></v:stroke><v:formulas><v:f eqn="if lineDrawn pixelLineWidth 0"></v:f><v:f eqn="sum @0 1 0"></v:f><v:f eqn="sum 0 0 @1"></v:f><v:f eqn="prod @2 1 2"></v:f><v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 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"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:word" /><w:wrap type="tight"></w:wrap></v:shape><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">8</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">．</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">新年伊始，因为美国对台军售、中美贸易与汇率争端、出版领域的诉讼以及互联网巨头谷歌掀起的“退出风波”，中美关系的前景似乎蒙上了一层阴影。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><B><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 黑体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体">材料一</SPAN></B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体">要是我们给予中国共产党政权以政治上的承认，那对远东各非共产党国家的政权的生存将是一个几乎致命的打击。如果给予中国共产党政权这样的承认，和中国共产党政权在联合国中取得席位，那就会使它们在远东威信和影响大大增加……<SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">——<SPAN lang=EN-US>1958</SPAN>年杜勒斯在加尼福尼亚商会的演说<SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><B><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 黑体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体">材料二</SPAN></B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体">美国时代周刊在<SPAN lang=EN-US>1972</SPAN>年<SPAN lang=EN-US>3</SPAN>月<SPAN lang=EN-US>8</SPAN>日那一期的封面故事是：<SPAN lang=EN-US>Nixon's China Odyssey </SPAN>。画面表现了尼克松与毛泽东，周恩来的会面，参观长城，以及观看歌舞表演。其中<SPAN lang=EN-US>,Odyssey</SPAN>（旅行）在英文中是一个具有积极乐观主义的单词。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><B><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 黑体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体">材料三</SPAN></B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体">美国总统奥巴马<SPAN lang=EN-US>16</SPAN>日在上海发表演讲。奥巴马表示，我认为世界是相互连接的，我们所做的工作，我们所建立的繁荣，我们所保护的环境，我们所追求的安全，所有这些都是共同的，而且是互相连接的，所以<SPAN lang=EN-US>21</SPAN>世纪的实力不在零和游戏，一个国家成功不应该以另外一个国家的牺牲作为代价。这就是我们为什么不寻求遏制中国的崛起</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: white; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312"><v:shape id=_x0000_i1026 style="WIDTH: 3pt; HEIGHT: 3.75pt; mso-position-horizontal-relative: page; mso-position-vertical-relative: page" type="#_x0000_t75"> <v:imagedata o:title="" src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\ADMINI~1\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image003.png"></v:imagedata></v:shape></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><B><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 黑体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体">材料四</SPAN></B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体">不出几年，中国就会成为世界上经济规模最大的国家，而且它正朝着成为一个令人生畏的军事大国的方向迈进。……中国是一个未得到满足的雄心勃勃的大国，它的目标是支配亚洲，其办法不是入侵和占领邻国，而是使自己远比邻国强大，从而使东亚发生的一切都至少得到中国的默许。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">——理查德·波恩斯坦《即将到来的美中冲突》<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">（<SPAN lang=EN-US>1</SPAN>）根据材料一说明美国的对华政策是什么？在<SPAN lang=EN-US>50</SPAN>年代，中国采取了什么政策来应对？（<SPAN lang=EN-US>9</SPAN>分）<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">（<SPAN lang=EN-US>2</SPAN>）材料二说明了什么？其原因是什么？<SPAN lang=EN-US>70</SPAN>年代，新中国外交取得哪些成就？对世界格局产生了什么影响？（<SPAN lang=EN-US>14</SPAN>分）<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">（<SPAN lang=EN-US>3</SPAN>）材料三中，奥巴马展望了中美关系未来怎样的发展方向？理由是什么？（<SPAN lang=EN-US>6</SPAN>分）<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">（<SPAN lang=EN-US>4</SPAN>）阅读材料四，美国国内出现这种论调的目的是什么？（<SPAN lang=EN-US>8</SPAN>分）<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">8</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">．（<SPAN lang=EN-US>1</SPAN>）政策：美国采取政治上不承认、孤立及封锁中国的敌视政策。（<SPAN lang=EN-US>4</SPAN>分）应对：中国采取独立自主的和平外交政策（<SPAN lang=EN-US>3</SPAN>分）和 “一边倒”的方针，即倒向苏联为首的社会主义阵营。（<SPAN lang=EN-US>2</SPAN>分，如果只答“一边倒”不给分）<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-INDENT: 15.75pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.5"><SPAN style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">（<SPAN lang=EN-US>2</SPAN>）说明：中美关系走向缓和。（<SPAN lang=EN-US>2</SPAN>分）原因：美苏争霸中美国处于劣势；中国实力增强。（<SPAN lang=EN-US>4</SPAN>分）中国外交成就：中国在联合国的合法席位恢复，中美关系正常化，中日邦交正常化，国际上掀起一股与中国建交的热潮（答对一个史实给<SPAN lang=EN-US>2</SPAN>分，该项得分不超过<SPAN lang=EN-US>6</SPAN>分）影响：促进世界格局向多极化方向发展。（<SPAN lang=EN-US>2</SPAN>分）<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-INDENT: 15.75pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.5"><SPAN style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">（<SPAN lang=EN-US>3</SPAN>）趋向：互惠互利，合作共赢。理由：世界日益一体化，中美将共同面对各种挑战，双方具有共同利益。（<SPAN lang=EN-US>6</SPAN>）<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 15.75pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.5"><SPAN style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">（<SPAN lang=EN-US>4</SPAN>）目的：一是受冷战思维的影响，在冷战结束后视中国为假想敌人，为遏制中国制造舆论；二是通过制造紧张气氛为某些国家在亚太地区谋求霸权寻找依据，挑拨中国同其周边国家的关系，既牵制中国，又可以挑拨离间从中以坐收渔人之利。（<SPAN lang=EN-US>8</SPAN>分）<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 15.75pt 0pt 0cm"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><o:p><FONT face="宋体, MS Song">&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></P></BODY><BGSOUND src="" loop=""></BGSOUND></BODY> 2010-6-11 16:36:19 与新课程改革同行——2010年高考山东卷历史试题评析-项洪文 http://www.ohzx.net/rainbow/blog/teacher/templates/content.asp?Diary_ID=3487 <BODY background="" text="" vlink="" Link="" bgColor="" bgproperties=""> <BODY style="BORDER-RIGHT: 0px; BORDER-TOP: 0px; SCROLLBAR-FACE-COLOR: #d4d0c8; SCROLLBAR-HIGHLIGHT-COLOR: #808080; BORDER-LEFT: 0px; SCROLLBAR-SHADOW-COLOR: #808080; SCROLLBAR-3DLIGHT-COLOR: #d4d0c8; SCROLLBAR-ARROW-COLOR: #000000; SCROLLBAR-TRACK-COLOR: #d4d0c8; BORDER-BOTTOM: 0px; SCROLLBAR-DARKSHADOW-COLOR: #d4d0c8; SCROLLBAR-BASE-COLOR: #d4d0c8"><P style="LINE-HEIGHT: 13.5pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><STRONG><SPAN style="COLOR: #cc0000; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#718;&#805;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#718;&#805;">与新课程改革同行</SPAN></STRONG><FONT face=宋体><STRONG><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #cc0000; FONT-FAMILY: &#718;&#805;; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">——2010</SPAN></STRONG><STRONG><SPAN style="COLOR: #cc0000; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#718;&#805;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#718;&#805;">年高考山东卷历史试题评析</SPAN></STRONG></FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #336699; FONT-FAMILY: &#718;&#805;"><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P style="LINE-HEIGHT: 13.5pt"><FONT face=宋体><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #336699; mso-ascii-font-family: &#718;&#805;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#718;&#805;">　　</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &#718;&#805;">2010</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: &#718;&#805;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#718;&#805;">年高考山东卷历史部分，秉承前几年的经验，在平稳中求创新</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &#718;&#805;">——</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: &#718;&#805;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#718;&#805;">厚朴而不失灵动，求新而不舍稳重。与以往相比，今年命题技巧更为成熟，试题更为深刻的诠释了新课程的内涵，不仅较好地发挥了高考的选拔功能，而且对高中新课程也必将起到积极的导向作用。这主要体现在以下几个方面。</SPAN></FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &#718;&#805;"><BR></SPAN><FONT face=宋体><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: &#718;&#805;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#718;&#805;">　　</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &#718;&#805;">1. </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: &#718;&#805;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#718;&#805;">依托主干知识，突出基础性。</SPAN></FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &#718;&#805;"><BR></SPAN><FONT face=宋体><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: &#718;&#805;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#718;&#805;">　　</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &#718;&#805;">——</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: &#718;&#805;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#718;&#805;">历史基础知识是实现能力培养、全面提高学生人文素养的基础和载体。虽然高考试题强调能力立意，但能力不是无源之水，无本之木。注重考查考生对</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &#718;&#805;">“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: &#718;&#805;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#718;&#805;">基础知识和基本技能的掌握程度</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &#718;&#805;">”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: &#718;&#805;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#718;&#805;">是高考命题的指导思想之一。</SPAN></FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &#718;&#805;"><BR></SPAN><FONT face=宋体><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: &#718;&#805;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#718;&#805;">　　</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &#718;&#805;">2010</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: &#718;&#805;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#718;&#805;">年的历史试题主要涉及了春秋战国时期的百家争鸣、中国古代中央集权的政治制度、太平天国运动、近代社会变迁、毛泽东思想、新中国的政治经济建设、英国君主立宪制的确立、西方人文精神的起源与发展、近现代科学技术、罗斯福新政与二战后资本主义的新变化、新航路的开辟、王安石变法、近代中国的民主思想与反对专制的斗争、美国对外政策与中美关系等。它们均为《普通高中历史课程标准》和《山东卷考试说明》所规定的学科主干知识，考查重点突出，学科特点鲜明。</SPAN></FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &#718;&#805;"><BR></SPAN><FONT face=宋体><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: &#718;&#805;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#718;&#805;">　　</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &#718;&#805;">——2010</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: &#718;&#805;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#718;&#805;">年山东卷重视基础性，并非单纯考查考生对知识的记忆。在对考生基础历史知识的考查中，它以知识为载体，更侧重于考查了考生基本的历史学习方法、历史思维能力以及在学习过程中逐渐积累起来的基本人文素养。例如：第</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &#718;&#805;">14</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: &#718;&#805;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#718;&#805;">题对新中国成立后四个时期经济增长率变化的考查，它要求考生不但能真正了解新中国成立后各个历史阶段发展的基本特征，而且还要学会能在政治模块和经济模块之间建立起必然的联系。</SPAN></FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &#718;&#805;"><BR></SPAN><FONT face=宋体><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: &#718;&#805;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#718;&#805;">　　</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &#718;&#805;">——</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: &#718;&#805;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#718;&#805;">依托主干知识，强调基础性，并不代表试题依赖教材，简单的照搬教材。这里所说的主干知识、基础知识是指历史课程的知识，而非单纯的教材知识。命题在</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &#718;&#805;">“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: &#718;&#805;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#718;&#805;">意料之外，情理之中</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &#718;&#805;">”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: &#718;&#805;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#718;&#805;">是近年新高考命题和答案制定反映出的一个鲜明特点。例如，第</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &#718;&#805;">11</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: &#718;&#805;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#718;&#805;">题对太平天国运动的考查，材料所给出的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &#718;&#805;">“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: &#718;&#805;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#718;&#805;">阻断了中国近代化，破坏了中国最先进省份的生产力，提出的政策是历史的倒退</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &#718;&#805;">”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: &#718;&#805;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#718;&#805;">等信息以及从近代化史观的角度评价太平天国运动，这些都是当前教材中没有涉及的。但近代化史观是新课程标准确定学习内容的依据，现有版本教材的知识体系的构建都体现了近代化史观，所以，它并没有超出教材的范畴和考生的认知水平，考生只要结合太平天国运动的进程和《天朝田亩制度》的相关内容，就可以推理得出正确答案。</SPAN></FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &#718;&#805;"><BR></SPAN><FONT face=宋体><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: &#718;&#805;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#718;&#805;">　　</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &#718;&#805;">2. </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: &#718;&#805;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#718;&#805;">坚持能力立意，强调探究性</SPAN></FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &#718;&#805;"><BR></SPAN><FONT face=宋体><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: &#718;&#805;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#718;&#805;">　　山东卷历史试题延续了前几年的命题特点，以</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &#718;&#805;">“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: &#718;&#805;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#718;&#805;">命题以能力测试为主导</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &#718;&#805;">”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: &#718;&#805;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#718;&#805;">为指导思想，注重考查考生解读史学文献、提炼有效信息的能力，以及是否能灵活运用分析、综合、比较、归纳等方法思考和解决问题的能力。历史学科的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &#718;&#805;">13</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: &#718;&#805;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#718;&#805;">道试题对能力的考查全面覆盖了</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &#718;&#805;">“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: &#718;&#805;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#718;&#805;">获取和解读信息</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &#718;&#805;">”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: &#718;&#805;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#718;&#805;">、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &#718;&#805;">“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: &#718;&#805;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#718;&#805;">调动和运用知识</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &#718;&#805;">”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: &#718;&#805;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#718;&#805;">、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &#718;&#805;">“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: &#718;&#805;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#718;&#805;">描述和阐释事物</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &#718;&#805;">”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: &#718;&#805;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#718;&#805;">、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &#718;&#805;">“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: &#718;&#805;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#718;&#805;">论证和探讨问题</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &#718;&#805;">”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: &#718;&#805;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#718;&#805;">等四个层次的考核目标，较好的贯彻了</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &#718;&#805;">2010</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: &#718;&#805;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#718;&#805;">年考试大纲的要求。</SPAN></FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &#718;&#805;"><BR></SPAN><FONT face=宋体><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: &#718;&#805;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#718;&#805;">　　</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &#718;&#805;">——2010</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: &#718;&#805;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#718;&#805;">年的选择题以新情景新材料为载体，除了考查考生获取信息和解读信息的能力外，主要考查了考生的四种能力。</SPAN></FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &#718;&#805;"><BR></SPAN><FONT face=宋体><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: &#718;&#805;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#718;&#805;">　　（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &#718;&#805;">1</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: &#718;&#805;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#718;&#805;">）正确理解历史概念的能力。如第</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &#718;&#805;">9</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: &#718;&#805;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#718;&#805;">题对墨子</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &#718;&#805;">“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: &#718;&#805;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#718;&#805;">兼爱</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &#718;&#805;">”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: &#718;&#805;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#718;&#805;">思想的理解，第</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &#718;&#805;">13</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: &#718;&#805;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#718;&#805;">题对马克思主义中国化的理解等。它要求考生能准确解读信息，正确认识事物的本质。</SPAN></FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &#718;&#805;"><BR></SPAN><FONT face=宋体><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: &#718;&#805;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#718;&#805;">　　（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &#718;&#805;">2</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: &#718;&#805;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#718;&#805;">）比较分析历史事物的能力。如第</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &#718;&#805;">9</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: &#718;&#805;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#718;&#805;">题墨家</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &#718;&#805;">“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: &#718;&#805;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#718;&#805;">兼爱</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &#718;&#805;">”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: &#718;&#805;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#718;&#805;">思想和儒家</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &#718;&#805;">“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: &#718;&#805;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#718;&#805;">仁爱</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &#718;&#805;">”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: &#718;&#805;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#718;&#805;">思想的对比；第</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &#718;&#805;">16</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: &#718;&#805;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#718;&#805;">题</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &#718;&#805;">“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: &#718;&#805;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#718;&#805;">智者学派思想与人文主义思潮</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &#718;&#805;">”“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: &#718;&#805;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#718;&#805;">牛顿经典力学与爱因斯坦相对论</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &#718;&#805;">”“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: &#718;&#805;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#718;&#805;">君权神授说与社会契约论</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &#718;&#805;">”“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: &#718;&#805;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#718;&#805;">罗斯福新政与二战后西方国家经济调整</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &#718;&#805;">”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: &#718;&#805;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#718;&#805;">四组历史概念的对比。通过对比，让考生准确把握历史事物的特征。</SPAN></FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &#718;&#805;"><BR></SPAN><FONT face=宋体><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: &#718;&#805;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#718;&#805;">　　（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &#718;&#805;">3</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: &#718;&#805;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#718;&#805;">）正确理解历史发展线索和阶段特征的能力。如第</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &#718;&#805;">10</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: &#718;&#805;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#718;&#805;">题，它要求考生把握中国古代君主专制制度不断加强的阶段特征和一般规律；第</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &#718;&#805;">12</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: &#718;&#805;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#718;&#805;">题通过山西流传的一则歌谣，反映了近代中国社会的变迁和时代特征；第</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &#718;&#805;">14</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: &#718;&#805;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#718;&#805;">题通过四幅曲线图，反映了新中国成立后我国经济发展的基本脉络和阶段特征。</SPAN></FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &#718;&#805;"><BR></SPAN><FONT face=宋体><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: &#718;&#805;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#718;&#805;">　　（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &#718;&#805;">4</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: &#718;&#805;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#718;&#805;">）创新意识和历史探究思维能力。如第</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &#718;&#805;">11</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: &#718;&#805;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#718;&#805;">、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &#718;&#805;">14</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: &#718;&#805;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#718;&#805;">题，试题给考生的是全新的信息，让考生结合所学知识，辩证地、历史地认识历史现象，对历史事件做出综合的描述和正确的阐释，在探究推理中得出正确结论。</SPAN></FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &#718;&#805;"><BR></SPAN><FONT face=宋体><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: &#718;&#805;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#718;&#805;">　　</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &#718;&#805;">——</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: &#718;&#805;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#718;&#805;">对于非选择题的能力考查，试题充分体现自主探究学习以及鼓励学生个性发展的教育理念。把考查重点放在系统掌握课程内容的内在联系上，放在灵活迁移和运用知识、分析解决问题的能力上，放在从不同的思维角度、多元的思维层次去认识和理解历史事物上，放在对考生的历史态度、历史研究基本方法的考查上。</SPAN></FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &#718;&#805;"><BR></SPAN><FONT face=宋体><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: &#718;&#805;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#718;&#805;">　　例如第</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &#718;&#805;">27</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: &#718;&#805;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#718;&#805;">题，它是一道学科内综合题，在整个历史部分中份量最重，最能体现试题的整体立意。通常这道题的命制思路是</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &#718;&#805;">“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: &#718;&#805;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#718;&#805;">一个主题古今中外一线牵</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &#718;&#805;">”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: &#718;&#805;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#718;&#805;">，它的优点是跨度大，知识覆盖面广。但是，这种立意在体现综合性的同时，也存在以量取胜，面面俱到之嫌。</SPAN></FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &#718;&#805;"><BR></SPAN><FONT face=宋体><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: &#718;&#805;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#718;&#805;">　　今年的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &#718;&#805;">27</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: &#718;&#805;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#718;&#805;">题以</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &#718;&#805;">1492</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: &#718;&#805;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#718;&#805;">年哥伦布航行到达美洲为主题，</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &#718;&#805;">“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: &#718;&#805;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#718;&#805;">一个历史事件四面八方立体挖掘</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &#718;&#805;">”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: &#718;&#805;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#718;&#805;">，重点考查考生多层次、多角度、辩证地、创造性地分析和论证问题的能力。三个问题</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &#718;&#805;">“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: &#718;&#805;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#718;&#805;">偶然与必然</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &#718;&#805;">”“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: &#718;&#805;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#718;&#805;">发现与相遇</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &#718;&#805;">”“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: &#718;&#805;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#718;&#805;">交流与发展</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &#718;&#805;">”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: &#718;&#805;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#718;&#805;">环环相扣，层层递进，更加注重考查考生的历史观和整体历史思维以及综合运用学科方法分析论证问题的能力。该题的设计实现了由原来的平面考查到现在立体考查的转变，实现了由原来的知识综合到现在能力综合的转变，这是对传统题型的创新和超越。</SPAN></FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &#718;&#805;"><BR></SPAN><FONT face=宋体><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: &#718;&#805;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#718;&#805;">　　</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &#718;&#805;">——</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: &#718;&#805;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#718;&#805;">在选做题的设计上虽然难度与去年保持了基本一致，但是也加强了对能力的考查。例如第</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &#718;&#805;">34</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: &#718;&#805;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#718;&#805;">题，第（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &#718;&#805;">1</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: &#718;&#805;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#718;&#805;">）题让考生从材料中获取有效信息，解读归纳得出结论。第（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &#718;&#805;">2</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: &#718;&#805;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#718;&#805;">）题将近代的民主思想和革命实践结合起来，让考生说明这一民主思想在辛亥革命中的具体体现。试题的答案完全摆脱了教材的叙述，避免了考生的死记硬背；并且理论与实践相结合，鲜明的体现了《近代的民主思想与实践》这一模块的主题与特点。</SPAN></FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &#718;&#805;"><BR></SPAN><FONT face=宋体><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: &#718;&#805;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#718;&#805;">　　</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &#718;&#805;">3. </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: &#718;&#805;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#718;&#805;">重视创新思维，加强开放性</SPAN></FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &#718;&#805;"><BR></SPAN><FONT face=宋体><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: &#718;&#805;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#718;&#805;">　　新课程重视学生创新意识的培养，倡导探究性的学习方式，让学生学会创造性的分析和解决问题。适应新课程的这一要求，</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &#718;&#805;">2010</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: &#718;&#805;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#718;&#805;">年高考山东历史试题在设计上增强开放性、答案设计上体现多元化，把考查考生发现问题、分析问题和解决问题的探究学习能力作为考查重点，更加重视对考生创新品质的考查。</SPAN></FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &#718;&#805;"><BR></SPAN><FONT face=宋体><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: &#718;&#805;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#718;&#805;">　　例如，第</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &#718;&#805;">11</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: &#718;&#805;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#718;&#805;">、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &#718;&#805;">14</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: &#718;&#805;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#718;&#805;">题就是给考生提供了一种新的信息，要求考生能从一个新的思维角度，去解决新的问题。第</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &#718;&#805;">27</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: &#718;&#805;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#718;&#805;">题第（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &#718;&#805;">1</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: &#718;&#805;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#718;&#805;">）题提供了三种答案，属于思维层次上的开放。第（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &#718;&#805;">3</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: &#718;&#805;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#718;&#805;">）题要求学生以</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &#718;&#805;">“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: &#718;&#805;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#718;&#805;">交流与发展</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &#718;&#805;">”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: &#718;&#805;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#718;&#805;">为题写一篇历史短文，需要考生在所学知识的基础上，对原有知识进行重新整合、分析，最后形成自己的认识，其实质就是对历史探究能力的一种考查。同时，试题答案在制定上原则性和灵活性相统一，给考生发挥个性特长留有充分余地，有利于开拓考生的思维，培养创新意识。</SPAN></FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &#718;&#805;"><BR></SPAN><FONT face=宋体><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: &#718;&#805;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#718;&#805;">　　</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &#718;&#805;">4. </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: &#718;&#805;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#718;&#805;">重视对情感态度价值观的考查</SPAN></FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &#718;&#805;"><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: &#718;&#805;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#718;&#805;"><FONT face=宋体>　　高中新课程的核心理念就是以人为本，培养学生健全的人格，促进个性的健康发展。基于这一理念，新课程在强调知识与能力、过程与方法的同时，也提出了情感态度价值观的培养目标。高考试题不可能象中学教学那样长效发挥在学生情感、态度、价值观方面的教育功能，但是通过命题可以渗透这方面的教育，起到一种引领的作用。</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &#718;&#805;"><BR></SPAN><FONT face=宋体><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: &#718;&#805;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#718;&#805;">　　在纸笔测试的环境下，将情感态度价值观这一教育培养目标转化为考试测量目标确实不太容易，但并非像有些人认为的那样一无所成。有学者将情感教育目标划分为</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &#718;&#805;">“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: &#718;&#805;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#718;&#805;">接受（注意）</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &#718;&#805;">”“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: &#718;&#805;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#718;&#805;">顺应</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &#718;&#805;">”“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: &#718;&#805;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#718;&#805;">爱好</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &#718;&#805;">”“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: &#718;&#805;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#718;&#805;">信奉</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &#718;&#805;">”“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: &#718;&#805;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#718;&#805;">性格化</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &#718;&#805;">”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: &#718;&#805;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#718;&#805;">五个层次，结合认知领域、技能领域的测量目标，其前三者是完全可以在试题中得以体现和进行测量的。</SPAN></FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &#718;&#805;"><BR></SPAN><FONT face=宋体><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: &#718;&#805;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#718;&#805;">　　如选择题第</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &#718;&#805;">9</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: &#718;&#805;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#718;&#805;">题，通过对墨子</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &#718;&#805;">“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: &#718;&#805;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#718;&#805;">兼爱</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &#718;&#805;">”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: &#718;&#805;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#718;&#805;">思想的考查，引导考生加深对历史上以人为本、善待生命、关注人类命运的人文主义精神的理解，热爱和继承中华民族的优秀文化传统，弘扬和培育民族精神，激发对祖国历史与文化的自豪感，树立为人类和平与进步事业做贡献的人生理想。非选择题第</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &#718;&#805;">27</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: &#718;&#805;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#718;&#805;">题，通过对哥伦布远航美洲和新航路开辟的史实与史观的考查，引导考生</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &#718;&#805;">“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: &#718;&#805;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#718;&#805;">认识人类社会发展的统一性和多样性，理解和尊重世界各地区、各国、各民族的文化传统，汲取人类创造的优秀文明成果，进一步形成开放的世界意识</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &#718;&#805;">”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: &#718;&#805;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#718;&#805;">；第</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &#718;&#805;">29</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: &#718;&#805;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#718;&#805;">题，通过滇缅公路修建中各族人民抗日救亡的爱国主义和民族团结精神的展现，引导考生培育民族精神和爱国主义情感。</SPAN></FONT><FONT face=宋体><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &#718;&#805;"> <BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: &#718;&#805;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#718;&#805;">　　</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &#718;&#805;">5.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: &#718;&#805;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#718;&#805;">关注时代与社会，体现史学的人文性。</SPAN></FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &#718;&#805;"><BR></SPAN><FONT face=宋体><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: &#718;&#805;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#718;&#805;">　　以史为鉴，可知兴替。史学是一门人文学科，具有不可替代的人文教育、思想引导、决策参考和社会改造等功能。同时，历史是已经发生的客观存在，但历史学却是一门不断发展的科学。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &#718;&#805;">2010</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: &#718;&#805;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#718;&#805;">年的历史试题充分关注人类历史发展进程中的重大社会问题，适度关注时代主题与社会热点，做到了学科特点和时代特征有机结合，科学性与人文性相得益彰。</SPAN></FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &#718;&#805;"><BR></SPAN><FONT face=宋体><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: &#718;&#805;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#718;&#805;">　　例如，高中历史新课程标准所指出，学生通过历史学习应该</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &#718;&#805;">“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: &#718;&#805;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#718;&#805;">认识人类社会发展的统一性和多样性，理解和尊重世界各地区、各国、各民族的文化传统，汲取人类创造的优秀文明成果，进一步形成开放的世界意识。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &#718;&#805;">” </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: &#718;&#805;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#718;&#805;">第</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &#718;&#805;">27</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: &#718;&#805;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#718;&#805;">题围绕哥伦布</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &#718;&#805;">“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: &#718;&#805;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#718;&#805;">发现美洲</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &#718;&#805;">”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: &#718;&#805;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#718;&#805;">的系列问题，就是以此为创意高度来设计的。它通过</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &#718;&#805;">“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: &#718;&#805;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#718;&#805;">偶然与必然</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &#718;&#805;">”“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: &#718;&#805;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#718;&#805;">发现与相遇</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &#718;&#805;">”“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: &#718;&#805;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#718;&#805;">交流与发展</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &#718;&#805;">”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: &#718;&#805;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#718;&#805;">三个问题，意图使考生牢固树立全球史观和文明多元发生、多样发展的观念，正确认识文明多样性，平等对待各种文明，正确认识人类交往和文明交流对于历史发展的重要意义。第</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &#718;&#805;">29</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: &#718;&#805;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#718;&#805;">题以西南地区秦朝和抗战时期的相关史实，体现了</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &#718;&#805;">“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: &#718;&#805;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#718;&#805;">国家统一</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &#718;&#805;">”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: &#718;&#805;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#718;&#805;">与</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &#718;&#805;">“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: &#718;&#805;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#718;&#805;">民族独立</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &#718;&#805;">”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: &#718;&#805;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#718;&#805;">这一永恒主题，也讴歌了</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &#718;&#805;">“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: &#718;&#805;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#718;&#805;">民族团结</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &#718;&#805;">”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: &#718;&#805;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#718;&#805;">和</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &#718;&#805;">“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: &#718;&#805;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#718;&#805;">为了抗日救亡，勇于牺牲</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &#718;&#805;">”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: &#718;&#805;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#718;&#805;">的爱国主义精神。进入</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &#718;&#805;">21</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: &#718;&#805;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#718;&#805;">世纪，国际间竞争日趋激烈。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &#718;&#805;">“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: &#718;&#805;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#718;&#805;">一个国家综合国力的强弱从根本上取决于国民素质的高低，而国民素质的不断提高有赖于基础教育的持续发展。基础教育改革已成为世界潮流。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &#718;&#805;">”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: &#718;&#805;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#718;&#805;">第</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &#718;&#805;">33</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: &#718;&#805;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#718;&#805;">题，通过王安石变法历史场景以及王安石教育思想的呈现，凸显了人才选用和教育改革这一历史发展和时代进步的主题。中美关系在当前国际关系中占有主导性的地位，随着中国综合国力的增强和世界地位的提高，中美关系的发展对世界的影响将更为重大和深远。第</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &#718;&#805;">35</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: &#718;&#805;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#718;&#805;">题以美国军费增减为切入点，涉及了美国外交政策和中美关系的变化，反映了对当代国际关系格局及其走向的关注与重视。</SPAN></FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &#718;&#805;"><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: &#718;&#805;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#718;&#805;"><FONT face=宋体>　　通过这些例子可以看出，今年的试题具有鲜明的时代性，却并没有刻意追求时政热点。试题所涉及的社会热点和现实问题，都是在中国以及世界历史发展中，对人类社会的发展进步产生了重大影响、与人民群众生活密切相关的重大社会现实问题，既具有全局性，也具有长效性。试题巧妙实现了历史与现实的有机契合，体现了人文学科的社会功能，使试题具有浓郁的时代气息，起到了引导学生开阔视野、关心国家大事和人类命运的效果。</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &#718;&#805;"><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: &#718;&#805;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#718;&#805;"><FONT face=宋体>　　除了考查内容的时代性以外，试题的设计也注意反映学科发展的新成果、新趋势，凸显新的史学研究范式，社会史观、全球史观、近代化史观等在试题中也均有体现。</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &#718;&#805;"><BR></SPAN><FONT face=宋体><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: &#718;&#805;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#718;&#805;">　　</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &#718;&#805;">6. </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: &#718;&#805;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#718;&#805;">将新的评价观念引入了今年高考试题。</SPAN></FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &#718;&#805;"><BR></SPAN><FONT face=宋体><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: &#718;&#805;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#718;&#805;">　　新课程改革以促进学生的全面发展和可持续发展为理念，建立了全新的评价体系。这一评价体系强调对学生的过程性评价，重视发掘和培养学生的优点和潜能。而传统的高考作为选拔性考试，其对考生的评价通常是终结性的，是基于甄别和淘汰的一种命题方式，而考试成绩也只有单纯的一个功能</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &#718;&#805;">——</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: &#718;&#805;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#718;&#805;">区分优劣。</SPAN></FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &#718;&#805;"><BR></SPAN><FONT face=宋体><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: &#718;&#805;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#718;&#805;">　　在新课程改革和素质教育的背景下，高考应该适时进行改革。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &#718;&#805;">2010</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: &#718;&#805;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#718;&#805;">年山东卷历史试题在这方面作了有益的尝试。如第</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &#718;&#805;">27</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: &#718;&#805;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#718;&#805;">题第（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &#718;&#805;">1</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: &#718;&#805;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#718;&#805;">）小题，根据考生的思维层次，给出了三种赋分办法。</SPAN></FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &#718;&#805;"><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: &#718;&#805;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#718;&#805;"><FONT face=宋体>　　答案一：考生将哥伦布首航的结果作为一个孤立的事件来思考。</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &#718;&#805;"><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: &#718;&#805;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#718;&#805;"><FONT face=宋体>　　观点：是偶然的。</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &#718;&#805;"><BR></SPAN><FONT face=宋体><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: &#718;&#805;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#718;&#805;">　　理由：哥伦布远航的目的地是东方（或印度、中国），结果却到了美洲。（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &#718;&#805;">3</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: &#718;&#805;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#718;&#805;">分）</SPAN></FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &#718;&#805;"><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: &#718;&#805;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#718;&#805;"><FONT face=宋体>　　答案二：考生能将哥伦布远航放在当时的历史背景下思考。</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &#718;&#805;"><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: &#718;&#805;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#718;&#805;"><FONT face=宋体>　　观点：是必然的。</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &#718;&#805;"><BR></SPAN><FONT face=宋体><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: &#718;&#805;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#718;&#805;">　　理由：当时已经具备了</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &#718;&#805;">“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: &#718;&#805;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#718;&#805;">发现</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &#718;&#805;">”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: &#718;&#805;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#718;&#805;">美洲的历史条件。具体要点：商品经济发展；寻金热；陆上商路受阻；传播天主教；科技条件具备等。（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &#718;&#805;">5</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: &#718;&#805;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#718;&#805;">分）</SPAN></FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &#718;&#805;"><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: &#718;&#805;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#718;&#805;"><FONT face=宋体>　　答案三：考生能将偶然因素和必然因素相结合，全面思考问题。</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &#718;&#805;"><BR></SPAN><FONT face=宋体><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: &#718;&#805;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#718;&#805;">　　观点：既有偶然性，也有必然性。（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &#718;&#805;">2</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: &#718;&#805;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#718;&#805;">分）</SPAN></FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &#718;&#805;"><BR></SPAN><FONT face=宋体><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: &#718;&#805;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#718;&#805;">　　理由：偶然性的理由参见答案一</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &#718;&#805;"> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: &#718;&#805;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#718;&#805;">（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &#718;&#805;">3</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: &#718;&#805;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#718;&#805;">分）</SPAN></FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &#718;&#805;"><BR></SPAN><FONT face=宋体><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: &#718;&#805;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#718;&#805;">　　必然性的理由参见答案二</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &#718;&#805;"> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: &#718;&#805;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#718;&#805;">（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &#718;&#805;">3</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: &#718;&#805;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#718;&#805;">分）</SPAN></FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &#718;&#805;"><BR></SPAN><FONT face=宋体><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: &#718;&#805;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#718;&#805;">　　这样就使每个能力层次的考生都会</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &#718;&#805;">“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: &#718;&#805;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#718;&#805;">有话可说</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &#718;&#805;">”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: &#718;&#805;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#718;&#805;">，展示自己的能力。同时，考试的分数不再仅仅是高考录取的一个依据，一个冷冰冰的数据。考生可根据答题的情况，对自己的认知、思维水平有一个客观明确的认识，为以后的学习和成长提供有益的参考。</SPAN></FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &#718;&#805;"><BR></SPAN><FONT face=宋体><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: &#718;&#805;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#718;&#805;">　　以前考生的分差主要表现在作答知识点的多少上，考生答</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &#718;&#805;">4</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: &#718;&#805;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#718;&#805;">个要点可能得</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &#718;&#805;">8</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: &#718;&#805;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#718;&#805;">分，答出</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &#718;&#805;">2</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: &#718;&#805;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#718;&#805;">各要点就是</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &#718;&#805;">4</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: &#718;&#805;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#718;&#805;">分，带有明显的知识立意，采点给分的倾向。而该题</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &#718;&#805;">3</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: &#718;&#805;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#718;&#805;">分、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &#718;&#805;">5</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: &#718;&#805;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#718;&#805;">分和</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &#718;&#805;">8</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: &#718;&#805;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#718;&#805;">分的赋分标准，是按照思维层次来赋分的，淡化了知识，突出了能力考查。同时，也有效的区分了不同水平的考生，实现了高考遴选优秀人才的目标。</SPAN></FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &#718;&#805;"><BR></SPAN><FONT face=宋体><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: &#718;&#805;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#718;&#805;">　　</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &#718;&#805;">7. </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: &#718;&#805;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#718;&#805;">依纲不依本，重视新情境和新材料的创设和运用。</SPAN></FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &#718;&#805;"><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: &#718;&#805;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#718;&#805;"><FONT face=宋体>　　情境是试题的三个基本要素之一，它是实现试题立意的材料和介质。新课程改革以后的高考命题重视新情境新材料的创设和应用，不但搭建了一个测试考生能力的平台，而且在教材多样化的局面下，引用新材料、创设新情境就成了当前解决多版本问题的最佳方法。</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &#718;&#805;"><BR></SPAN><FONT face=宋体><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: &#718;&#805;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#718;&#805;">　　</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &#718;&#805;">2010</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: &#718;&#805;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#718;&#805;">年山东卷历史试题均不拘泥于教材知识点的具体表述，而是超越和突破教材，从崭新的角度和视角重新整合知识，由</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &#718;&#805;">“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: &#718;&#805;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#718;&#805;">新材料</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &#718;&#805;">”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: &#718;&#805;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#718;&#805;">来创设</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &#718;&#805;">“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: &#718;&#805;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#718;&#805;">新情境</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &#718;&#805;">”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: &#718;&#805;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#718;&#805;">。既使得卷面活泼生动，又突出了对考生史论结合、论从史出等学科能力的考查。今年试题所选取的材料，具有以下几个特点：（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &#718;&#805;">1</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: &#718;&#805;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#718;&#805;">）试题材料来源广泛，既有文字资料，也有图片资料，包括名人著述、学生笔记、历史地图、图片、表格等，形式多样，内容丰富。（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &#718;&#805;">2</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: &#718;&#805;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#718;&#805;">）材料的选取不单纯求新求奇，材料平实、典型，具有权威性。如材料来源主要有《墨子》、《续资治通鉴长编》、《本朝百年无事札子》、《上仁宗皇帝言事书》和谭嗣同的《仁学》等，具有很强的历史感。（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &#718;&#805;">3</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: &#718;&#805;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#718;&#805;">）材料信息丰富符合题意，同时文字简洁，减少了考生的阅读量，更有利考生能力的发挥。</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &#718;&#805;"> </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #336699; FONT-FAMILY: &#718;&#805;"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P> <P style="LINE-HEIGHT: 13.5pt"><FONT face=宋体><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: &#718;&#805;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#718;&#805;">　　从整体上来看今年的试题，虽然还存在一些不足的地方。比如，与去年相比在知识点的覆盖面上有所降低，但是瑕不掩瑜。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &#718;&#805;">2010</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: &#718;&#805;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#718;&#805;">年的高考试题在稳定中创新，在有效实现选拔功能的同时，也必将对以后的高中历史教学起到积极的引导作用。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #336699; FONT-FAMILY: &#718;&#805;"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p><FONT face=宋体>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p><FONT face=宋体>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></P></BODY><BGSOUND src="" loop=""></BGSOUND></BODY> 2010-6-11 16:34:55 北京卷-项洪文 http://www.ohzx.net/rainbow/blog/teacher/templates/content.asp?Diary_ID=3486 <BODY background="" text="" vlink="" Link="" bgColor="" bgproperties=""> <BODY style="BORDER-RIGHT: 0px; BORDER-TOP: 0px; SCROLLBAR-FACE-COLOR: #d4d0c8; SCROLLBAR-HIGHLIGHT-COLOR: #808080; BORDER-LEFT: 0px; SCROLLBAR-SHADOW-COLOR: #808080; SCROLLBAR-3DLIGHT-COLOR: #d4d0c8; SCROLLBAR-ARROW-COLOR: #000000; SCROLLBAR-TRACK-COLOR: #d4d0c8; BORDER-BOTTOM: 0px; SCROLLBAR-DARKSHADOW-COLOR: #d4d0c8; SCROLLBAR-BASE-COLOR: #d4d0c8"><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，每小题</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>4</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">分，共</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>140</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">分。在每小题列出的四个选项中，选出最符合题目要求的一项。</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">图</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>1</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">是八达岭长城照片，该段长城主要坐落在花岗岩侵入体上。读图，回答</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>1</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>2</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">题。</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN><?xml:namespace prefix = v ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:vml" /><v:shapetype id=_x0000_t75 stroked="f" filled="f" path="m@4@5l@4@11@9@11@9@5xe" o:preferrelative="t" o:spt="75" coordsize="21600,21600"><v:stroke joinstyle="miter"></v:stroke><v:formulas><v:f eqn="if lineDrawn pixelLineWidth 0"></v:f><v:f eqn="sum @0 1 0"></v:f><v:f eqn="sum 0 0 @1"></v:f><v:f eqn="prod @2 1 2"></v:f><v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelWidth"></v:f><v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelHeight"></v:f><v:f eqn="sum @0 0 1"></v:f><v:f eqn="prod @6 1 2"></v:f><v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelWidth"></v:f><v:f eqn="sum @8 21600 0"></v:f><v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelHeight"></v:f><v:f eqn="sum @10 21600 0"></v:f></v:formulas><v:path o:connecttype="rect" gradientshapeok="t" o:extrusionok="f"></v:path><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:lock aspectratio="t" v:ext="edit"></o:lock></v:shapetype><v:shape id=_x0000_i1025 style="WIDTH: 358.5pt; HEIGHT: 239.25pt" alt="学科网(www.zxxk.com)--教育资源门户，提供试卷、教案、课件、论文、素材及各类教学资源下载，还有大量而丰富的教学相关资讯！" type="#_x0000_t75"><v:imagedata o:title="" src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\ADMINI~1\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image001.png"></v:imagedata></v:shape></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US>1.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">图中指示山脊和山谷的分别是</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>A.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">①和②</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 4">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>B.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">②和③</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 4">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>C.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">③和④</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 4">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>D.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">④和⑤</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>2.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">八达岭地区花岗岩从形成到出露所经历的地质过程依次是</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>A.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">固结成岩—风化剥蚀—侵蚀搬运—地壳抬升</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>B.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">地壳抬升—侵蚀搬运—岩浆侵入—风化剥蚀</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>C.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">岩浆侵入—</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><v:shape id=_x0000_i1029 style="WIDTH: 1.5pt; HEIGHT: 1.5pt" alt="学科网(www.zxxk.com)--教育资源门户，提供试卷、教案、课件、论文、素材及各类教学资源下载，还有大量而丰富的教学相关资讯！" type="#_x0000_t75"> <v:imagedata o:title="6915144343" src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\ADMINI~1\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image003.png"></v:imagedata></v:shape></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">地壳抬升—风化剥蚀—侵蚀搬运</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>D.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">侵蚀搬运—岩浆侵入—地壳抬升—固结成岩</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">图２是经纬网图层和中国省级行政中心图层的叠加图，图中经纬线间隔度数相等。读图，回答第<SPAN lang=EN-US>3</SPAN>～<SPAN lang=EN-US>6</SPAN>题。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">3.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">经纬网的纬线间距为<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">A.3</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">°</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 4">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>B.5</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">°</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 3">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>C.8</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">°</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 4">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>D.10</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">°</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><v:shape id=_x0000_s1026 style="MARGIN-TOP: -1.85pt; Z-INDEX: 1; LEFT: 0px; MARGIN-LEFT: 198pt; WIDTH: 285.75pt; POSITION: absolute; HEIGHT: 227.25pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left" alt="学科网(www.zxxk.com)--教育资源门户，提供试卷、教案、课件、论文、素材及各类教学资源下载，还有大量而丰富的教学相关资讯！" type="#_x0000_t75"><v:imagedata o:title="" src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\ADMINI~1\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image005.png"></v:imagedata><?xml:namespace prefix = w ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:word" /><w:wrap type="square"></w:wrap></v:shape><SPAN lang=EN-US>4.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">图上标出的经纬网格区中</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">A. </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">②与③都处于暖温带<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">B. </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">随地球自转，③的角速度比④小<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">C.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">从春分到夏至，①比④的昼长变化幅度大<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">D.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">从夏至到秋分，②比⑤的正午太阳高度角变化幅度大<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">5.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">人口密度差值最大的两个网格区是<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">A. </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">①和④<SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 3">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>B.</SPAN>②和③<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">C. </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">③和⑤<SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 4">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>D.</SPAN>④和⑤<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">6.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">从地形和降水条件分析，最易发生泥石流的网格区是<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">A. </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">①<SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 3">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>B.</SPAN>②<SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 4">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>C.</SPAN>④<SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 4">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>D.</SPAN>⑤<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">图<SPAN lang=EN-US>3</SPAN>是某日<SPAN lang=EN-US>08</SPAN>时和<SPAN lang=EN-US>20</SPAN>时海平面气压分布图（单位：百帕）。读图，回答第<SPAN lang=EN-US>7</SPAN>题。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><v:shape id=_x0000_i1030 style="WIDTH: 473.25pt; HEIGHT: 212.25pt" alt="学科网(www.zxxk.com)--教育资源门户，提供试卷、教案、课件、论文、素材及各类教学资源下载，还有大量而丰富的教学相关资讯！" type="#_x0000_t75"><v:imagedata o:title="" src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\ADMINI~1\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image007.png"></v:imagedata></v:shape><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">7.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">由<SPAN lang=EN-US>08</SPAN>时到<SPAN lang=EN-US>20</SPAN>时，图中<SPAN lang=EN-US><v:shape id=_x0000_i1031 style="WIDTH: 1.5pt; HEIGHT: 1.5pt" alt="学科网(www.zxxk.com)--教育资源门户，提供试卷、教案、课件、论文、素材及各类教学资源下载，还有大量而丰富的教学相关资讯！" type="#_x0000_t75"> <v:imagedata o:title="6915144343" src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\ADMINI~1\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image003.png"></v:imagedata></v:shape><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">A. </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">①地风向偏北，风力逐渐减弱<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">B. </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">②地受高压脊控制，天气持续晴朗<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">C.<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">低气压中心向东北方向移动并增强<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">D. </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">　气旋中心附近暖锋移动快于冷锋<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">图</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>4</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">是非洲乍得湖流域图。读图，回答第</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>8</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>9</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">题。</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>8.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">乍得湖流域</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><v:shape id=_x0000_s1027 style="MARGIN-TOP: 1.55pt; Z-INDEX: 2; LEFT: 0px; MARGIN-LEFT: 253.5pt; WIDTH: 232.5pt; POSITION: absolute; HEIGHT: 360.75pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left" alt="学科网(www.zxxk.com)--教育资源门户，提供试卷、教案、课件、论文、素材及各类教学资源下载，还有大量而丰富的教学相关资讯！" type="#_x0000_t75"><v:imagedata o:title="" src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\ADMINI~1\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image009.png"></v:imagedata><w:wrap type="square"></w:wrap></v:shape><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>A.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">河流径流量的季节变化小</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>B.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">河水主要来源于冰雪融水</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>C.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">地表径流参与海陆间水循环</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>D.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">水面蒸发参与陆地内水循环</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>9.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">根据图中信息可以判断</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>A.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">流域面积缩小</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>B.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">湖泊水位总体下降</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>C.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">流域主体位于热带荒漠</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>D.1963</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年时湖底东南高，西北低</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">图</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>5</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">为中国某平原城市城区</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>7</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">月地表平均温度分布图。读图，回答第</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>10</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>11</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">题。</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN lang=EN-US><v:shape id=_x0000_i1032 style="WIDTH: 474pt; HEIGHT: 205.5pt" alt="学科网(www.zxxk.com)--教育资源门户，提供试卷、教案、课件、论文、素材及各类教学资源下载，还有大量而丰富的教学相关资讯！" type="#_x0000_t75"><v:imagedata o:title="" src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\ADMINI~1\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image011.png"></v:imagedata></v:shape></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>10.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">该地区地表温度的</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>A.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">高低变化与地表起伏呈正相关</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 3">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>B.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">高值区变化是气候变暖的结果</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>C.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">低值区是河流或绿地影响的结果</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 2">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>D.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">差异可导致地面风从城区吹向郊区</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>11.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">据图可以推断，从</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>1982</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年到</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>2004</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年该地区</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>A.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">建筑物占地面积增加</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 5">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>B.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">南北部道路密度差异加大</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>C.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">商业区向城区中心集中</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 4">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>D.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">空间形态没有发生变化</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">专制集权的不断加强是中国古代政治制度的一大特征。回答</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>12</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>13</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">题。</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US><v:shape id=_x0000_i1033 style="WIDTH: 242.25pt; HEIGHT: 233.25pt" alt="学科网(www.zxxk.com)--教育资源门户，提供试卷、教案、课件、论文、素材及各类教学资源下载，还有大量而丰富的教学相关资讯！" type="#_x0000_t75"><v:imagedata o:title="" src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\ADMINI~1\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image013.png"></v:imagedata></v:shape><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US>12.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">图</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>6</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">是一幅古代北京地区的政区示意图。图中反映的地方行政制度实行于</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>A.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">西周</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>B.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">秦朝</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>C.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">汉朝</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>D.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">唐朝</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>13.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">有人认为，中国古代君主专制理论由先秦法家奠定，经汉朝儒生发展而成。这两个阶段的代表人</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>A.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">荀子、董仲舒</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 3">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>B.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">荀子、孟子</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>C.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">商鞅、孟子</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 4">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>D.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">韩非子、董仲舒</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>14.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">元代《富春山居图》残卷分藏于海峡两岸。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>2010</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年初，两岸均有意联合展出该作品。下列作品与《富春山居图》同属于一个朝代的是</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>A.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">顾恺之《洛神赋图》</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 2">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>B.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">呈道子《送子天王图》</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>C.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">王祯《农书》</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 3">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>D.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">李贽《焚书》</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>15.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">“君为主，则必尧舜之君在上，而后可久安长治；民为主，则法制多纷更，心志难专一究其极，不无流弊。惟君民共治，上下相通，民隐得以上达，君惠亦得以下逮”。根据材料和所学，判断这段文字的作用是</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>A.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">魏源</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 3">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>B.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">王韬</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 3">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>C.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">宋教仁</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 3">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>D.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">胡适</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>16.1903</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年有人指出：“选官之祈以神，断案之祈以神……以重要家国大事而轻付虚空无凭，泥塑木雕之一掷，迂愚如斯，固执如斯。”这反映作者</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>A.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">抨击迷信思想</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 4">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>B.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">痛斥君主专制</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>C.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">批判宗法制度</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 4">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>D.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">回击复古逆流</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>17.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">“上海的炮声应该是一个信号，这一次全国的人民真的团结成</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><v:shape id=_x0000_i1034 style="WIDTH: 1.5pt; HEIGHT: 1.5pt" alt="学科网(www.zxxk.com)--教育资源门户，提供试卷、教案、课件、论文、素材及各类教学资源下载，还有大量而丰富的教学相关资讯！" type="#_x0000_t75"> <v:imagedata o:title="6915144343" src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\ADMINI~1\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image003.png"></v:imagedata></v:shape></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">一个整体了……我们为着争我们民族的生存虽至粉身碎骨，我们也不会灭亡，因为我们还活在我们民族的生命里。”这段文字出自巴金即时而作的《一点感想》。让作者有感而发的背景是</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>A.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">抵抗八国联军侵略</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 3">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>B.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">辛刻革命推翻清廷</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>C.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">北伐军队进入上海</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 3">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>D.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">抵抗日本全面侵华</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><v:shape id=_x0000_s1028 style="MARGIN-TOP: 15.65pt; Z-INDEX: 3; LEFT: 0px; MARGIN-LEFT: 352.5pt; WIDTH: 136.5pt; POSITION: absolute; HEIGHT: 202.5pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left" alt="学科网(www.zxxk.com)--教育资源门户，提供试卷、教案、课件、论文、素材及各类教学资源下载，还有大量而丰富的教学相关资讯！" type="#_x0000_t75"><v:imagedata o:title="" src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\ADMINI~1\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image015.png"></v:imagedata><w:wrap type="square"></w:wrap></v:shape><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>18.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">图</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>7</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">是拍摄于山海关的历史照片，图中的解放军主力即将参加</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>A.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">辽沈战役</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>B.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">淮海战役</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>C.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">平津战役</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>D.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">渡江战役</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>19.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">民族区域自治制度是新中国的重要政治制度。在我国五个民族自治区中，最早和最晚建立的是</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>A.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">内蒙古自治区、西藏自治区</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>B.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">内蒙古自治区、宁夏回族自治区</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>C.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">新疆维吾尔自治区、宁夏回族自治区</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>D.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">广西壮族自治区、西藏自治区</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>20.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">英国学者罗素在论述一位古希腊哲学家时说，他的一个重要思想是乌托邦，“它是一长串的乌托邦中最早的一个”。这位古希腊哲学家的另一个重要思想是</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>A.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">人是万物的尺度</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 6">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>B.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">理念论</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>C.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">逻辑三段论</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 7">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>D.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">美德即知识</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>21.17</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">世纪英国革命期间产生了一个意外的局面，革命因反抗一个人的专制开始，却造成了另一个人的独裁。这里的“一个人”和“另一个人”分别是指</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 2pt; COLOR: white; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">[</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 2pt; COLOR: white; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">来源</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 2pt; COLOR: white; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">:</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 2pt; COLOR: white; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">学科网</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 2pt; COLOR: white; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">]</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>A.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">詹姆士一世、克伦威尔</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 4">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>B.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">查理一世、克伦威尔</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>C.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">查理一世、詹姆士一世</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 4">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>D.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">查理二世、詹姆士二世</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>22.1971</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年，苏联政府在关于五年计划的报告中说：“商品货币关系在我国具有新的、社会主义的内容。当然，我们要批驳主张用市场调节作用取代国家集中计划的主导作用的各种错误观点。”这表明苏联政府试图</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>A.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">废除对企业的指令性计划</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 5">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>B.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">由市场决定产品价格</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>C.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">鼓励私营企业发展</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 6">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>D.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">减少对企业的行政干预</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>23.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">世界杯足球赛可谓全世界球迷的节日。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>1990</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年第十四届世界杯在意大利举办时，一个英国球迷去意大利为自己喜欢的球队助威。他可以</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">①持欧盟护照进入意大利</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">②在罗马街头观看比赛电视直播</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">③和苏联球迷交换纪念品</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">④收听北约轰炸南联盟的新闻</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US>A.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">②③</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 4">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>B.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">①②</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 4">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>C.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">③④</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 4">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>D.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">①④</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">文化是人们追求美好幸福生活的重要内容。回答第</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>24</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>25</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">题。</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>24.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">随着网络和数字技术的发展，网络电视、手机报、电子书等新媒体日益深入人们的生活，催生了数字出版等新的文化产业。这说明，技术是</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">①文化创新的不确定因素</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 4">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">②促进文化发展的重要因素</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">③文化多样性产生的根源</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 4">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">④推动大众传媒发展的基础</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>25.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">《阿凡达》是一部运用</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>3D</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">技术制作的电影，目前已创造了超过</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>27</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">亿美元的全球票房，并带动了</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>3D</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">相关产业的发展。这体现了</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">①文化对经济的重大影响</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 4">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">②文化是政治经济的反映</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">③文化生产力的日趋重要</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 4">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">④文化以经济发展为基础</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>A. </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">①②</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 3">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>B. </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">①③</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 4">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>C.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">②④</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 3">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>D.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">③④</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>26.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">徐悲鸿偏爱画马，听马蹄得得，看马迎风奔驰，他觉得是一种精神享受，心仿佛在和马一同驰骋。这表明，作为对世界的一种反映形式的艺术作品</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>A.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">受到艺术家生活环境的深刻影响</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>B.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">源自于艺术家的技艺和艺术天分</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>C.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">离不开艺术家的生活感悟和情感</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>D.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">取决于艺术家的执着努力和勤奋</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>27.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">孔子对不同问“孝”的人回答不同。孟懿子问孝，子曰：“无违。”子游问孝，子曰：“今之孝者，是谓能养。至于犬马，皆能有养；不敬，何以别乎？”子夏问孝，子曰：“色难。”上述问答表明</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">①“孝”的内涵不具有共性</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 3">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">②“不孝”的表现大体相同</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">③“孝”的要求要体现个性</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 3">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">④“孝”的方式应因人而异</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>A. </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">①②</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 3">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>B. </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">①③</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 4">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>C. </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">②④</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 4">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>D. </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">③④</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>28.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">北京某地铁站旁，有一个由退休老人组成的“志愿服务站点”，这些退休老人在为行人提供义务指路服务的同时，感受到了自己的价值，获得了快乐。这表明</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">①劳动是人的存在方式</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 4">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">②实现人生价值取决于客观条件</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">③索取和奉献是统一的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 4">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">④实现人生价值要发挥主观能动性</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>A. </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">①③</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 3">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>B. </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">①④</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 4">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>C. </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">②③</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 4">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>D. </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">②④</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>29.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">某社区居民委员会的一名成员提出一个事关居民利益的方案，建议在社区活动中心内设立日间照料室，以帮助老年人解决生活困难。该方案应该</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>A.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">由居民委员会主任决定</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 4">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>B.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">由居民委员会讨论决定</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>C.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">提请居民会议讨论决定</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 4">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>D.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">报请有关行政部门批准</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">30.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">依法执政是中国共产党执政的基本方式。下列选项能够体现中国共产党依法执政的是<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">A.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">坚持民主集中制，发展党内民主<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">B.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">加强党员干部教育，提高执政能力<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">C.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">在平等的基本上，开展与国外政党的交流<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">D.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">向全国人大常委会提出修改宪法部分内容的建议<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">31.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">某市人大常委会出台意见，规定了市政府的哪些重大事项需要报人大常委会备案或提请人大常委会审议，并制定了相关程度。该市这一举措<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">A.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">缩小了政府的法定权力<SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 3">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>B.</SPAN>扩大了人大常委会的法定权力<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">C.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">规定了人大和政府的关系<SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 3">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>D.</SPAN>推进了决策的科学化和民主化<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">32.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">活跃在国际舞台上的国际组织，为数众多，类型不一。下列选项中均属于<SPAN lang=EN-US><v:shape id=_x0000_i1035 style="WIDTH: 1.5pt; HEIGHT: 1.5pt" alt="学科网(www.zxxk.com)--教育资源门户，提供试卷、教案、课件、论文、素材及各类教学资源下载，还有大量而丰富的教学相关资讯！" type="#_x0000_t75"> <v:imagedata o:title="6915144343" src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\ADMINI~1\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image003.png"></v:imagedata></v:shape></SPAN>非政府国际组织的是<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">A.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">国际奥委会与国际红十字会<SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 2">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>B.</SPAN>欧盟与世界卫生组织<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">C.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">亚太经济合作组织与<SPAN lang=EN-US><v:shape id=_x0000_i1036 style="WIDTH: 2.25pt; HEIGHT: 1.5pt" alt="学科网(www.zxxk.com)--教育资源门户，提供试卷、教案、课件、论文、素材及各类教学资源下载，还有大量而丰富的教学相关资讯！" type="#_x0000_t75"> <v:imagedata o:title="6915144343" src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\ADMINI~1\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image003.png"></v:imagedata></v:shape></SPAN>世界银行<SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 2">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>D.</SPAN>联合国与世界银行<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">33.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><v:shape id=_x0000_i1026 style="WIDTH: 336pt; HEIGHT: 139.5pt" alt="学科网(www.zxxk.com)--教育资源门户，提供试卷、教案、课件、论文、素材及各类教学资源下载，还有大量而丰富的教学相关资讯！" type="#_x0000_t75"><v:imagedata o:title="" src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\ADMINI~1\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image018.png"></v:imagedata></v:shape><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">按收入高低把总人口等分为高、中、低三组，图<SPAN lang=EN-US>8</SPAN>所示为各组收入占总收入比重的两种不同状态。下列做法有利于由状态<SPAN lang=EN-US>a</SPAN>向状态<SPAN lang=EN-US>b</SPAN>转变的是<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">①加大扶贫开发与救济力度<SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 3">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN>②个人收入按超额累进税率缴税<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">③发挥市场的自发调节作用<SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 3">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN>④降低劳动报酬占初次分配比重<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">A. </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">①②<SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 3">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>B. </SPAN>①③<SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 3">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>C. </SPAN>②④<SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 3">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>D.</SPAN>③④<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>34.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">某商品的价格</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>p</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">变化</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="POSITION: relative; TOP: 2pt; mso-text-raise: -2.0pt"><v:shape id=_x0000_i1037 style="WIDTH: 11.25pt; HEIGHT: 12.75pt" alt="学科网(www.zxxk.com)--教育资源门户，提供试卷、教案、课件、论文、素材及各类教学资源下载，还有大量而丰富的教学相关资讯！" type="#_x0000_t75" o:ole=""> <v:imagedata o:title="" src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\ADMINI~1\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image020.wmz"></v:imagedata></v:shape></SPAN>p</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">会引起其相关商品的需求量</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>x</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">变化</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="POSITION: relative; TOP: 2pt; mso-text-raise: -2.0pt"><v:shape id=_x0000_i1038 style="WIDTH: 11.25pt; HEIGHT: 12.75pt" alt="学科网(www.zxxk.com)--教育资源门户，提供试卷、教案、课件、论文、素材及各类教学资源下载，还有大量而丰富的教学相关资讯！" type="#_x0000_t75" o:ole=""> <v:imagedata o:title="" src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\ADMINI~1\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image020.wmz"></v:imagedata></v:shape></SPAN>x,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">这种变化可表现为两种关系：①</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="POSITION: relative; TOP: 14pt; mso-text-raise: -14.0pt"><v:shape id=_x0000_i1039 style="WIDTH: 18.75pt; HEIGHT: 33pt" alt="学科网(www.zxxk.com)--教育资源门户，提供试卷、教案、课件、论文、素材及各类教学资源下载，还有大量而丰富的教学相关资讯！" type="#_x0000_t75" o:ole=""> <v:imagedata o:title="" src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\ADMINI~1\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image022.wmz"></v:imagedata></v:shape></SPAN>&lt;0,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">②</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="POSITION: relative; TOP: 14pt; mso-text-raise: -14.0pt"><v:shape id=_x0000_i1040 style="WIDTH: 18.75pt; HEIGHT: 33pt" alt="学科网(www.zxxk.com)--教育资源门户，提供试卷、教案、课件、论文、素材及各类教学资源下载，还有大量而丰富的教学相关资讯！" type="#_x0000_t75" o:ole=""> <v:imagedata o:title="" src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\ADMINI~1\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image024.wmz"></v:imagedata></v:shape></SPAN>&gt;0</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。在其他条件不变的情况下，下列描述正确的是</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>A.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">汽油价格变化和柴油需求量变化之间的关系符合①</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>B.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">汽油价格变化和原油需求量变化之间的关系符合②</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>C.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">煤炭价格变化和原油需求量变化之间的关系符合①</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>D.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">②煤炭价格变化和天然气需求量变化之间的关系符合②</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>35.2002-2009</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年人民币对欧元的年平均汇率（人民币元</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>/100</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">欧元）</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN lang=EN-US><v:shape id=_x0000_i1041 style="WIDTH: 300.75pt; HEIGHT: 171pt" alt="学科网(www.zxxk.com)--教育资源门户，提供试卷、教案、课件、论文、素材及各类教学资源下载，还有大量而丰富的教学相关资讯！" type="#_x0000_t75"><v:imagedata o:title="" src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\ADMINI~1\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image025.png"></v:imagedata></v:shape></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">不考虑其他因素，图</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>9</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">中汇率变化产生的影响是</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">①</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>2002</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年至</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>2004</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年，中国出口到法国的纺织品更具竞争力</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">②</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>2002</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">至</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>2004</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年，德国出口到中国的机械设备变得便宜了</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 2pt; COLOR: white; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">[</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 2pt; COLOR: white; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">来源</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 2pt; COLOR: white; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">:</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 2pt; COLOR: white; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">学科网</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 2pt; COLOR: white; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">]</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">③</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>2008</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">至</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>2009</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年，中国企业赴欧元区国家投资设厂更有利</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">④</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>2008</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">至</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>2009</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年，法国学生来中国留学需要的费用减少了</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>A.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">①③</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 3">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>B.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">①④</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 2">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>C.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">②③</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 2">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>D.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">②④</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">第Ⅱ卷（非选择题</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">共</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>160</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">分）</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>36.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>36</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">分）读图</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>10</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，回答下列问题。</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN lang=EN-US><v:shape id=_x0000_i1042 style="WIDTH: 270.75pt; HEIGHT: 225.75pt" alt="学科网(www.zxxk.com)--教育资源门户，提供试卷、教案、课件、论文、素材及各类教学资源下载，还有大量而丰富的教学相关资讯！" type="#_x0000_t75"><v:imagedata o:title="" src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\ADMINI~1\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image027.png"></v:imagedata></v:shape></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>1</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）说明甲地降水特征及其形成原因。（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>8</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">分）</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>2</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）指出乙、丙两区的农业地域类型。与乙区相比，说明丙区农业生产的自然优势。（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>6</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">分）</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">澳大利亚是世界主要蔗糖生产和出口国，甘蔗种植区主要分布在东部沿海多雨的平原和河谷地带，所产蔗糖的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>75</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">％以上销往</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>30</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">多个国家和地区。</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>3</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）指出澳大利亚蔗糖加工业的主要分布地区，简述其区位因素。（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>7</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">分）</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">澳大利亚拥有艾尔斯巨石、大堡礁等</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>10</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">多处世界遗产。</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>4</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）简述大堡礁相对于艾尔斯巨石的旅游资源开发优势。（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>8</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">分）</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>5</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）说出澳大利亚东岸污染扩散的特点，并分析其主要原因。（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>7</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">分）</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">37.(36</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">分<SPAN lang=EN-US>)</SPAN>茶叶是中国对世界的重要贡献，并对人<SPAN lang=EN-US><v:shape id=_x0000_i1043 style="WIDTH: 1.5pt; HEIGHT: 1.5pt" alt="学科网(www.zxxk.com)--教育资源门户，提供试卷、教案、课件、论文、素材及各类教学资源下载，还有大量而丰富的教学相关资讯！" type="#_x0000_t75"> <v:imagedata o:title="6915144343" src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\ADMINI~1\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image003.png"></v:imagedata></v:shape></SPAN>类历史发展产生了重大影响。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">主题一　　茶叶与中国古代经济<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">茶叶产于我国南方。唐朝后期，有人记述说：“古人亦饮茶耳，但不如今人溺之甚，穷日尽夜，殆成风俗，始自中地，流于塞外，往年回鹘（唐朝后期北方少数民族）入朝，大驱名马市茶而归。”<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">（<SPAN lang=EN-US>1</SPAN>）阅读材料，概括其中反映的有关茶的发展史实。（<SPAN lang=EN-US>4</SPAN>分）结合所学，指出唐朝茶业发展的经济条件。（<SPAN lang=EN-US>4</SPAN>分）<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">主题二　　茶叶与世界贸易<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">17</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">世纪初，荷兰的东印度公司最早从事茶叶贸易，不久在法、英等国都出现了中国茶叶价值，由<SPAN lang=EN-US>80</SPAN>多万两增至<SPAN lang=EN-US>560</SPAN>多万两白银，茶叶占中国出口总值的比例一般在<SPAN lang=EN-US>80</SPAN>％以上。<SPAN lang=EN-US>19</SPAN>世纪<SPAN lang=EN-US>40</SPAN>年代以前，中国茶叶一直独占世界市场。<SPAN lang=EN-US>1835</SPAN>年，英国人首次将中国茶引种到印度，此后印度茶园面积不断扩大。<SPAN lang=EN-US>1889</SPAN>年，输入英国的印度茶首次超过中国茶。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">（<SPAN lang=EN-US>2</SPAN>）阅读材料，结合所学，概括中国茶叶在<SPAN lang=EN-US>18</SPAN>世纪世界贸易中发挥的作用。（<SPAN lang=EN-US>4</SPAN>分）分析<SPAN lang=EN-US>19</SPAN>世纪英国茶叶贸易变化的原因。（<SPAN lang=EN-US>4</SPAN>分）<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">主题三　茶叶与美国革命<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">1773</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">年，英国颁布法令，允许东印度公司在美洲以低于走私茶叶<SPAN lang=EN-US>50</SPAN>％的价格销售，并明令禁止英属北美殖民地人民贩卖茶叶。殖民地人民认为自由比喝便宜茶更重要。各殖民地纷纷召集会议，抵制英国的法令。<SPAN lang=EN-US>1773</SPAN>年<SPAN lang=EN-US>12</SPAN>月，波士顿人登上茶船，把价值<SPAN lang=EN-US>15000</SPAN>英镑的茶叶倒入大海。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 2pt; COLOR: white; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">[</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 2pt; COLOR: white; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">来源<SPAN lang=EN-US>:</SPAN>学<SPAN lang=EN-US>,</SPAN>科<SPAN lang=EN-US>,</SPAN>网<SPAN lang=EN-US>]</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">（<SPAN lang=EN-US>3</SPAN>）阅读材料，结合所学，分析茶叶成为北美殖民地和英国矛盾焦点的原因及影员。（<SPAN lang=EN-US>8</SPAN>分）<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">主题四　茶叶与民族企业<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">（<SPAN lang=EN-US>4</SPAN>）<SPAN lang=EN-US><v:shape id=_x0000_i1044 style="WIDTH: 1.5pt; HEIGHT: 1.5pt" alt="学科网(www.zxxk.com)--教育资源门户，提供试卷、教案、课件、论文、素材及各类教学资源下载，还有大量而丰富的教学相关资讯！" type="#_x0000_t75"> <v:imagedata o:title="6915144343" src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\ADMINI~1\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image003.png"></v:imagedata></v:shape></SPAN>阅读下表，结合所学，划分“张一元”企业发展的历史阶段。（<SPAN lang=EN-US>8</SPAN>分）并</SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; font-emphasize: dot">任选</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">其中一个阶段，分析这一阶段内中国的相关经济状况。（<SPAN lang=EN-US>4</SPAN>分）<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">（要求：材料运用充分，言之成理，符合企业自身发展规律。）<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">“张一元”大事年表</SPAN></P> <TABLE class=MsoNormalTable style="BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-border-insideh: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-border-insidev: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-yfti-tbllook: 480" cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=0 border=1> <TBODY> <TR style="mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes"> <TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; WIDTH: 149.4pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=199> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">时间</SPAN></P></TD> <TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; WIDTH: 276.7pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=369> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">事</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">件</SPAN></P></TD></TR> <TR style="mso-yfti-irow: 1"> <TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; WIDTH: 149.4pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=199> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN lang=EN-US>1900</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年</SPAN></P></TD> <TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; WIDTH: 276.7pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=369> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">安徽人张文卿于北京花市创办张玉元茶庄</SPAN></P></TD></TR> <TR style="mso-yfti-irow: 2"> <TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; WIDTH: 149.4pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=199> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN lang=EN-US>1906</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年</SPAN></P></TD> <TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; WIDTH: 276.7pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=369> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">在前门大栅栏开办第二家茶店，始称“张一元”</SPAN></P></TD></TR> <TR style="mso-yfti-irow: 3"> <TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; WIDTH: 149.4pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=199> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN lang=EN-US>1925</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年</SPAN></P></TD> <TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; WIDTH: 276.7pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=369> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">创建福建茶场，就地加工生产</SPAN></P></TD></TR> <TR style="mso-yfti-irow: 4"> <TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; WIDTH: 149.4pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=199> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN lang=EN-US>1930</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">－</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>40</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年代</SPAN></P></TD> <TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; WIDTH: 276.7pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=369> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">开始利用电台、电影等手段进行广告宣传</SPAN></P></TD></TR> <TR style="mso-yfti-irow: 5"> <TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; WIDTH: 149.4pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=199> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN lang=EN-US>1956</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年</SPAN></P></TD> <TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; WIDTH: 276.7pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=369> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">公私合营</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 2pt; COLOR: white; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">[</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 2pt; COLOR: white; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">来源</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 2pt; COLOR: white; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">:</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 2pt; COLOR: white; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">学科网</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 2pt; COLOR: white; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">]</SPAN></P></TD></TR> <TR style="mso-yfti-irow: 6"> <TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; WIDTH: 149.4pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=199> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">“文革”期间</SPAN></P></TD> <TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; WIDTH: 276.7pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=369> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">先后改称红旗茶庄、大栅栏茶庄、闽春茶店</SPAN></P></TD></TR> <TR style="mso-yfti-irow: 7"> <TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; WIDTH: 149.4pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=199> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN lang=EN-US>1982</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年</SPAN></P></TD> <TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; WIDTH: 276.7pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=369> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">恢复张一元茶庄的名称</SPAN></P></TD></TR> <TR style="mso-yfti-irow: 8"> <TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; WIDTH: 149.4pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=199> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN lang=EN-US>199<v:shape id=_x0000_i1045 style="WIDTH: 1.5pt; HEIGHT: 0.75pt" alt="学科网(www.zxxk.com)--教育资源门户，提供试卷、教案、课件、论文、素材及各类教学资源下载，还有大量而丰富的教学相关资讯！" type="#_x0000_t75"> <v:imagedata o:title="6915144343" src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\ADMINI~1\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image003.png"></v:imagedata></v:shape>2</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年</SPAN></P></TD> <TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; WIDTH: 276.7pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=369> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">成立北京市张一元茶叶公司</SPAN></P></TD></TR> <TR style="mso-yfti-irow: 9"> <TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; WIDTH: 149.4pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=199> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN lang=EN-US>1995</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年</SPAN></P></TD> <TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; WIDTH: 276.7pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=369> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">建立茶叶生产基地——闽东茶叶公司</SPAN></P></TD></TR> <TR style="mso-yfti-irow: 10"> <TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; WIDTH: 149.4pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=199> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN lang=EN-US>1999</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年</SPAN></P></TD> <TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; WIDTH: 276.7pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=369> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">成立北京张一元茶叶有限责任公司，实行股份制</SPAN></P></TD></TR> <TR style="mso-yfti-lastrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 11"> <TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; WIDTH: 149.4pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=199> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN lang=EN-US>2002</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年</SPAN></P></TD> <TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; WIDTH: 276.7pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=369> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">扩建为张一元饮吕有限责任公司</SPAN></P></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>38.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>36</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">分）你熟悉互联网，但你了解物联网吗？下面，让我们一起来认识和感受奇妙的物联网世界吧。</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN lang=EN-US><v:shape id=_x0000_i1046 style="WIDTH: 282.75pt; HEIGHT: 196.5pt" alt="学科网(www.zxxk.com)--教育资源门户，提供试卷、教案、课件、论文、素材及各类教学资源下载，还有大量而丰富的教学相关资讯！" type="#_x0000_t75"><v:imagedata o:title="" src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\ADMINI~1\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image030.png"></v:imagedata></v:shape></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>1</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）如图</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>11</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">所示，在互联网基础上诞生的物联网，向我们展开了一幅人与人、人与物、物与物之间联系的新图景。与自在事物的联系不同，物联网实现的联系是一种什么联系？</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>2</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">分）这种联系是如何建立的？（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>4</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">分）</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">物联网将使我们的世界更加智能化。通过物联网，主人在路上能够遥控家中的电器做家务；顾客在超市能够了解商品的生产和流通过程的主要信息，假冒伪劣商品将无从遁青工；企业信息监控中心能够自动调生产过程；农作物会“主动”发出该浇水、设施肥的各种信息。物联网还将促进新技术的研发，加快相关产业的成长，推动国民经济又好又快发展。</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>(2)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">结合上述材料，运用《经济生活》中的相关知识，分析物联网对个人消费、企业经营和国民经济发展</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><v:shape id=_x0000_i1047 style="WIDTH: 1.5pt; HEIGHT: 1.5pt" alt="学科网(www.zxxk.com)--教育资源门户，提供试卷、教案、课件、论文、素材及各类教学资源下载，还有大量而丰富的教学相关资讯！" type="#_x0000_t75"> <v:imagedata o:title="6915144343" src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\ADMINI~1\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image003.png"></v:imagedata></v:shape></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">可能带来哪些方面的影响。（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>14</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">分）</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><v:shape id=_x0000_i1048 style="WIDTH: 1.5pt; HEIGHT: 2.25pt" alt="学科网(www.zxxk.com)--教育资源门户，提供试卷、教案、课件、论文、素材及各类教学资源下载，还有大量而丰富的教学相关资讯！" type="#_x0000_t75"> <v:imagedata o:title="6915144343" src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\ADMINI~1\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image003.png"></v:imagedata></v:shape></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">材料一：抢占经济科技制高点，关系到国家竞争力和民族的未来。物联网有望成为我国抢占一代信息技术前沿的桥头堡，成为我国经济进一步发展的新引擎。我国政府必须抓住这一历史性机遇，及早谋划，有所作为。</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">材料二：当前，物联网发展在研发水平、行业标准、人才队伍、相关政策、国家安全和个人隐私保护等方面给我们提出了新的课题。</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>3</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）结合材料一，运用《政治生活》中的相关知识，说明在物联网发展过程中政府为什么要有所作为。（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>4</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">分）结合材料二，运用政府职能的相关知识，谈谈政府应该如何作为。（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>6</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">分）</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>(4)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">物联网是创新的成果，物联网的进一步发展仍然要以不断创新为动力。运用《生活与哲学》中有关创新作用的知识，主彰如何促进物联网的发展。（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>6</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">分）</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>39.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>28</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">分）随着世界经济的发展，二氧化碳的排放量不断增加。目前，碳排放已成为全球普遍关注的问题。</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-no-proof: yes"><v:shape id=_x0000_i1027 style="WIDTH: 181.5pt; HEIGHT: 153.75pt" alt="学科网(www.zxxk.com)--教育资源门户，提供试卷、教案、课件、论文、素材及各类教学资源下载，还有大量而丰富的教学相关资讯！" type="#_x0000_t75"><v:imagedata o:title="" src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\ADMINI~1\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image033.png"></v:imagedata></v:shape><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">直到</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>18</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">世纪初，人类主要使用水力和木材等可再生能源，但这时英国一些冶铁炉因为木炭短缺而不得不停产。工业革命初期，水力比</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><v:shape id=_x0000_i1049 style="WIDTH: 2.25pt; HEIGHT: 1.5pt" alt="学科网(www.zxxk.com)--教育资源门户，提供试卷、教案、课件、论文、素材及各类教学资源下载，还有大量而丰富的教学相关资讯！" type="#_x0000_t75"> <v:imagedata o:title="6915144343" src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\ADMINI~1\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image003.png"></v:imagedata></v:shape></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">煤炭更为廉价，许多美国纺织厂仍然依靠水力；由于煤炭运输成本较高，一些新工业企业不得不建在煤田附近。</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>(1)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">结合材料和所学，指出</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>1830</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年后英国煤产量增长趋势与此前何不同，并分析其原因。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 2pt; COLOR: white; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">[</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 2pt; COLOR: white; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">来源</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 2pt; COLOR: white; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">:</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 2pt; COLOR: white; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">学科网</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 2pt; COLOR: white; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">]</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US>(8</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">分</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>)</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">图</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>13</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">是</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>21</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">世纪初某年世界部分国家碳排放状况分布示意图。据图回答第（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>2</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）题。</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US><v:shape id=_x0000_i1050 style="WIDTH: 309pt; HEIGHT: 176.25pt" alt="学科网(www.zxxk.com)--教育资源门户，提供试卷、教案、课件、论文、素材及各类教学资源下载，还有大量而丰富的教学相关资讯！" type="#_x0000_t75"><v:imagedata o:title="" src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\ADMINI~1\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image035.png"></v:imagedata></v:shape><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>2</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）在美国、俄罗斯、法国、印度四国中任选一个国家，指出该国相对于中国的碳排放特点。（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>4</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">分）</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>3</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）说明大气中二氧化碳浓度增加对大气受热过程的影响。（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>8</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">分）</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">在市场经济中，企业在利润的驱使下，进行大规模的商品生产，导致化石能源的大量消耗，二氧化碳排放剧增，引发了一系列环境问题。</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">一些学者建议政府依据企业生产过程中燃烧煤炭、石油等化石燃料所排放的碳量，对其征收碳税，以减少二氧化碳的排放。</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>4</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）运用《经济学常识》中的相关知识，分析市场在调节二氧化碳排放方面存在的问题，并说明学者建议政府征收</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><v:shape id=_x0000_i1051 style="WIDTH: 2.25pt; HEIGHT: 2.25pt" alt="学科网(www.zxxk.com)--教育资源门户，提供试卷、教案、课件、论文、素材及各类教学资源下载，还有大量而丰富的教学相关资讯！" type="#_x0000_t75"> <v:imagedata o:title="6915144343" src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\ADMINI~1\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image003.png"></v:imagedata></v:shape></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">碳税的经济学道理。（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>8</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">分）</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>40.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>24</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">分）在长期的抗实斗争中，中华民族表现出高度的聪明才智和强大的民族凝聚力。</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">东汉末年，瘟疫肆虐，“家家有位尸之痛，室室有号泣之哀”。张仲景记述道：“观今之医，不念思求经旨，以演其所知，各承家技，始终顺旧。”“但竞逐荣势……惟名利是务。”“余宗族素多，向余二百。建安纪年以来，犹未十稔（年），其死亡者，三分有二……感往昔之沦丧，伤横夭之莫救，乃勤求古训，博采众方……”</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>1</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）阅读材料，结合所学，概括张仲景从医的社会背景，写出其医学著作的名称关概述该著作的成就。（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>8</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">分）</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">国家建立救灾物资储备库是救灾应急措施之一。储备库选址应遵循储存安全、调运方便的原则。</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>2</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）运用地理学知识说出满足上述原则的救灾物资储备库选址条件。（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>8</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">分）</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">一个民族在灾难中失去的，必须以民族的进步获得补偿。中华民族历来具有在艰难困苦中不屈不挠、团结奋战的光荣传统。不论多大的灾难，都压不弯她挺拔的脊梁。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>1998</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年抗洪抢险，几十万官兵和百万民众同洪水展开殊死搏斗，形成了伟大的抗洪精神。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>2003</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年“非典”疫情蔓延，党和政府带领全国人民群防群控、共克时艰。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>2008</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年冰雪“封冻”半个中国，全国人民用爱心将冰雪融化。汶川、玉树特大地震撕裂了大地，全国人民心手相连，奋力救灾，形成了“万众一心、众志成城，不畏艰险、百折不挠，以人为本、尊重科学”的伟大抗震救灾精神。灾难考验了中华民族，也冶炼了中华民族。“任何困难都难不倒英雄的中国人民”。</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>3</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）运用《文化生活</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><v:shape id=_x0000_i1052 style="WIDTH: 1.5pt; HEIGHT: 2.25pt" alt="学科网(www.zxxk.com)--教育资源门户，提供试卷、教案、课件、论文、素材及各类教学资源下载，还有大量而丰富的教学相关资讯！" type="#_x0000_t75"> <v:imagedata o:title="6915144343" src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\ADMINI~1\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image003.png"></v:imagedata></v:shape></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">》中的相关知识，指出上述材料体现了什么精神，并说明这种精神在中</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><v:shape id=_x0000_i1053 style="WIDTH: 1.5pt; HEIGHT: 0.75pt" alt="学科网(www.zxxk.com)--教育资源门户，提供试卷、教案、课件、论文、素材及各类教学资源下载，还有大量而丰富的教学相关资讯！" type="#_x0000_t75"> <v:imagedata o:title="6915144343" src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\ADMINI~1\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image003.png"></v:imagedata></v:shape></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">国人民战胜灾难的过程中所起的作用。（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>8</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">分）</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">2010</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">文科综合能力测试　（北京卷）参考答案</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">Ⅰ卷（共</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>35</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">小题，每小题</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>4</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">分，共</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>140</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">分）</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US>1. D<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </SPAN>2. C<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </SPAN>3.B<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </SPAN>4.C<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </SPAN>5.A<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </SPAN>6.D<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </SPAN>7.C<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </SPAN>8.D<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </SPAN>9.B<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </SPAN>10.C<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </SPAN>11.A<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </SPAN>12.C<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </SPAN>13.D<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </SPAN>14.C<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </SPAN>15.B 16.A<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </SPAN>17.D<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </SPAN>18.C<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </SPAN>19.A<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </SPAN>20.B<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </SPAN>21.B<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </SPAN>22.D<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </SPAN>23.A<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </SPAN>24.C<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </SPAN>25.B<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </SPAN>26.C<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </SPAN>27.D<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </SPAN>28.B<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </SPAN>29.C<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </SPAN>30.D<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </SPAN>31.D<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </SPAN>32.A<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </SPAN>33.A<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </SPAN>34.D<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </SPAN>35.A</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">Ⅱ卷（共</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>5</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">小题，共</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>160</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">分）</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US>36.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>1</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）年降水量</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>900</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">毫米左右（较丰富），夏季（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>1</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">月）少雨，（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>1</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">分）冬季（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>7</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">月）多雨；夏季（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>1</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">月）受副热带高压影响，冬季（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>7</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">月）受西风控制。</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>2</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）乙、丙两区同为现代混合农业（小麦－绵羊带或小麦－牧羊带）；丙区有河流（水资源较丰富），平原范围广（地形较平坦）。</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>3</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）主要分布在东部沿海地区（甘蔗种植区）。接近原料地（原料指向），接近港口，接近市场。</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>4</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）资源：周边有其他旅游资源，空间组合好；区位及市场：交通便利，靠近国内外客源市场；基础设施：临近东部沿海经济发达地区，基础设施条件好。</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>5</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）东岸污染由近岸向大洋扩散（向东、向南扩散）；东部海区主要受由低纬（西北）向高纬（东南）的洋流（暖流）影响。</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US>37.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>1</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）史实：唐朝中后期饮茶渐成风俗；茶叶成为同少数民族交易的货物。</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">条件：唐朝时期大运河便利了南北交通；唐朝商业贸易繁荣。</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>2</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）作用：茶叶成为中西贸易主要商品之一，茶叶贸易促进了世界市场的发展；茶叶贸易的利润为英国等国提供资本积累。</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">原因：印度成为英国殖民地；</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>19</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">世纪印度茶叶种植业兴起，印度茶逐渐打破中国茶在贸易中的垄断地位。</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>3</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）原因：北美人民反对英国高压政策，维护殖民地人民的自由权利；反对东印度公司的垄断。</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">影响：进一步激化了殖民地和英</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><v:shape id=_x0000_i1054 style="WIDTH: 1.5pt; HEIGHT: 1.5pt" alt="学科网(www.zxxk.com)--教育资源门户，提供试卷、教案、课件、论文、素材及各类教学资源下载，还有大量而丰富的教学相关资讯！" type="#_x0000_t75"> <v:imagedata o:title="6915144343" src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\ADMINI~1\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image003.png"></v:imagedata></v:shape></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">国的矛盾；成为引发美国独立战争爆发的原因之一。</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>(4)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">发展阶段：①从企业发展角度：</SPAN></P> <DIV align=center> <TABLE class=MsoNormalTable style="BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-border-insideh: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-border-insidev: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-yfti-tbllook: 480" cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=0 border=1> <TBODY> <TR style="HEIGHT: 16.95pt; mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes"> <TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; WIDTH: 133.9pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; HEIGHT: 16.95pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=179> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">阶段划分</SPAN></P></TD> <TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; WIDTH: 133.9pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; HEIGHT: 16.95pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=179> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">阶段名称</SPAN></P></TD></TR> <TR style="HEIGHT: 16.95pt; mso-yfti-irow: 1"> <TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; WIDTH: 133.9pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; HEIGHT: 16.95pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=179> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN lang=EN-US>1900-1925</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年</SPAN></P></TD> <TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; WIDTH: 133.9pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; HEIGHT: 16.95pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=179> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">创业阶段</SPAN></P></TD></TR> <TR style="HEIGHT: 16.95pt; mso-yfti-irow: 2"> <TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; WIDTH: 133.9pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; HEIGHT: 16.95pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=179> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN lang=EN-US>1925-1956</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年</SPAN></P></TD> <TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; WIDTH: 133.9pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; HEIGHT: 16.95pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=179> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">扩展阶段</SPAN></P></TD></TR> <TR style="HEIGHT: 16.95pt; mso-yfti-irow: 3"> <TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; WIDTH: 133.9pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; HEIGHT: 16.95pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=179> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN lang=EN-US>1956-1999</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年</SPAN></P></TD> <TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; WIDTH: 133.9pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; HEIGHT: 16.95pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=179> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">改制阶段</SPAN></P></TD></TR> <TR style="HEIGHT: 17.6pt; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 4"> <TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; WIDTH: 133.9pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; HEIGHT: 17.6pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=179> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN lang=EN-US>1999</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年至今</SPAN></P></TD> <TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; WIDTH: 133.9pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; HEIGHT: 17.6pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=179> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">企业改革（与扩大）阶段</SPAN></P></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></DIV> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">②从企业性质角度：</SPAN></P> <DIV align=center> <TABLE class=MsoNormalTable style="BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-border-insideh: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-border-insidev: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-yfti-tbllook: 480" cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=0 border=1> <TBODY> <TR style="HEIGHT: 16.95pt; mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes"> <TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; WIDTH: 133.9pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; HEIGHT: 16.95pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=179> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">阶段划分</SPAN></P></TD> <TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; WIDTH: 133.9pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; HEIGHT: 16.95pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=179> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">阶段名称</SPAN></P></TD></TR> <TR style="HEIGHT: 16.95pt; mso-yfti-irow: 1"> <TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; WIDTH: 133.9pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; HEIGHT: 16.95pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=179> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN lang=EN-US>1900-1956</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年</SPAN></P></TD> <TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; WIDTH: 133.9pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; HEIGHT: 16.95pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=179> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">民族资本主义企业</SPAN></P></TD></TR> <TR style="HEIGHT: 16.95pt; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 2"> <TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; WIDTH: 133.9pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; HEIGHT: 16.95pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=179> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN lang=EN-US>1956</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年至今</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">①</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>1956-1999</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">②</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>1999</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年至今</SPAN></P></TD> <TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; WIDTH: 133.9pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; HEIGHT: 16.95pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=179> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">社会主义企业</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">①国营（有）企业</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">②股份制企业</SPAN></P></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></DIV> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">③从企业经营角度；</SPAN></P> <DIV align=center> <TABLE class=MsoNormalTable style="BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-border-insideh: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-border-insidev: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-yfti-tbllook: 480" cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=0 border=1> <TBODY> <TR style="HEIGHT: 13.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes"> <TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; WIDTH: 119.95pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; HEIGHT: 13.5pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=160> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">阶段划分</SPAN></P></TD> <TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; WIDTH: 119.95pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; HEIGHT: 13.5pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=160> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">阶段名称</SPAN></P></TD></TR> <TR style="HEIGHT: 13.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 1"> <TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; WIDTH: 119.95pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; HEIGHT: 13.5pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=160> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN lang=EN-US>1900-1956</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年</SPAN></P></TD> <TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; WIDTH: 119.95pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; HEIGHT: 13.5pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=160> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">私营企业</SPAN></P></TD></TR> <TR style="HEIGHT: 13.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 2"> <TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; WIDTH: 119.95pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; HEIGHT: 13.5pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=160> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN lang=EN-US>1956-1999</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年</SPAN></P></TD> <TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; WIDTH: 119.95pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; HEIGHT: 13.5pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=160> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">国营企业</SPAN></P></TD></TR> <TR style="HEIGHT: 14pt; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 3"> <TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; WIDTH: 119.95pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; HEIGHT: 14pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=160> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN lang=EN-US>1999</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年至今</SPAN></P></TD> <TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; WIDTH: 119.95pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; HEIGHT: 14pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=160> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">股份制公司</SPAN></P></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></DIV> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">中国经济状况：</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>(1)1900-1925:</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">民族工商业进一步发展；清政府和民国政府的鼓励。</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>(2)1925-1956:</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">民国政府对民族企业既鼓励又压制（四大家族）；抗日战争对民族经济的破坏；中国共产党新民主主义经济政策；民族工业曲折发展。</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>(3)1956-1999:</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">三大改造完成；进入社会主义探索与曲折发展阶段；计划经济体制；改革开放。</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>(4)1999-</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">至今：社会主义市场经济体制建立；国企改革深入。</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>38.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>1</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）①人为事物的联系。</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">②这种联系是人们按照实践的需要，在实践中，根据事物固有联系，改变事物的状态，调整原有的联系，建立起来的。</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>(2)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">对个人消费的影响：将改变人们的消费方式，提高消费的质量和水平。</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">对企业经营的影响：使生产管理更加科学，降低生产成本，促进诚信经营，有助于树立良好的信誉和形象。</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">对国民经济的影响：有助于规范市场秩序，提高市场配置资源的效级助于提高国家的整体技术水平和创新能力，优化产业结构，促进就业。</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>4</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）发展阶段：①从企业发展角度：</SPAN></P> <TABLE class=MsoNormalTable style="BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-border-insideh: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-border-insidev: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-yfti-tbllook: 480" cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=0 border=1> <TBODY> <TR style="mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes"> <TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; WIDTH: 213.05pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=284> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">阶段划分</SPAN></P></TD> <TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; WIDTH: 213.05pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=284> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">阶段名称</SPAN></P></TD></TR> <TR style="mso-yfti-irow: 1"> <TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; WIDTH: 213.05pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=284> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN lang=EN-US>1900</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">－</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>1925</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年</SPAN></P></TD> <TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; WIDTH: 213.05pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=284> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">创业阶段</SPAN></P></TD></TR> <TR style="mso-yfti-irow: 2"> <TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; WIDTH: 213.05pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=284> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN lang=EN-US>1925</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">－</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>1956</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年</SPAN></P></TD> <TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; WIDTH: 213.05pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=284> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">扩展阶段</SPAN></P></TD></TR> <TR style="mso-yfti-irow: 3"> <TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; WIDTH: 213.05pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=284> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN lang=EN-US>1956</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">－</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>1999</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年</SPAN></P></TD> <TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; WIDTH: 213.05pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=284> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">改制阶段</SPAN></P></TD></TR> <TR style="mso-yfti-lastrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 4"> <TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; WIDTH: 213.05pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=284> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN lang=EN-US>1999</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年至今</SPAN></P></TD> <TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; WIDTH: 213.05pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=284> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">企业改革（与扩大）阶段</SPAN></P></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">②从企业性质角度：</SPAN></P> <TABLE class=MsoNormalTable style="BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-border-insideh: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-border-insidev: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-yfti-tbllook: 480" cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=0 border=1> <TBODY> <TR style="mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes"> <TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; WIDTH: 213.05pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=284> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">阶段划分</SPAN></P></TD> <TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; WIDTH: 213.05pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=284> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">阶段名称</SPAN></P></TD></TR> <TR style="mso-yfti-irow: 1"> <TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; WIDTH: 213.05pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=284> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN lang=EN-US>1900</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">－</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>1956</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年</SPAN></P></TD> <TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; WIDTH: 213.05pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=284> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">民族资本主义企业</SPAN></P></TD></TR> <TR style="mso-yfti-lastrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 2"> <TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; WIDTH: 213.05pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=284> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN lang=EN-US>1956</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年至今</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">①</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>1956</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">－</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>1999</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">②</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>1999</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年至今</SPAN></P></TD> <TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; WIDTH: 213.05pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=284> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">社会主义企业</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">①国营（有）企业</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">②股份制企业</SPAN></P></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">③从企业经营角度：</SPAN></P> <TABLE class=MsoNormalTable style="BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-border-insideh: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-border-insidev: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-yfti-tbllook: 480" cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=0 border=1> <TBODY> <TR style="mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes"> <TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; WIDTH: 213.05pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=284> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">阶段划分</SPAN></P></TD> <TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; WIDTH: 213.05pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=284> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">阶段名称</SPAN></P></TD></TR> <TR style="mso-yfti-irow: 1"> <TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; WIDTH: 213.05pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=284> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN lang=EN-US>1900</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">－</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>1956</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年</SPAN></P></TD> <TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; WIDTH: 213.05pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=284> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">私营企业</SPAN></P></TD></TR> <TR style="mso-yfti-irow: 2"> <TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; WIDTH: 213.05pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=284> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN lang=EN-US>1956</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">－</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>1999</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年</SPAN></P></TD> <TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; WIDTH: 213.05pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=284> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">国营企业</SPAN></P></TD></TR> <TR style="mso-yfti-lastrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 3"> <TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; WIDTH: 213.05pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=284> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN lang=EN-US>1999</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年至今</SPAN></P></TD> <TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; WIDTH: 213.05pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=284> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">股份制公司</SPAN></P></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">中国经济状况：</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>1</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>1900</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">－</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>1925</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">：民族工商业进一步发展</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>;</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">清政府和民国政府的鼓励。</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>2</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>1925</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">－</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>1956</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">：民国政府对民族企业既鼓励又压制（四大家族）</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>;</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">抗日战争对民族经济的破坏</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>;</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">中国共产党新民主主义经济政策</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>;</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">民族工业曲折发展。</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>3</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>1956</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">－</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>1999</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">：三大改造完成</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>;</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">进入社会主义探索与曲折发展阶段</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>;</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">计划经济体制</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>;</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">改革开放。</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>4</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>1999</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">－至今：社会主义市场经济体制建立</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>;</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">国企改革深入。</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US>38.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>1</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）①人为事物的联系。</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">②这种联系是人们按照实践的需要，在实践中，根据事物固有联系，改变事物的状态，调整原有的联系，建立起来的。</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>2</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）对个人消费的影响：将改变人们的消费方式，提高消费的质量和水平。</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">对企业经营的影响：使生产管理更加科学，降低生产成本，促进诚信经营，有助于树立良好的信誉和形象。</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">对国民经济的影响：有助于规范市场秩序，提高市场配置资源的效率</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>;</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">有助于提高国家的整体技术水平和创新能力，优化产业结构，促进就业。</SPAN></P></BODY><BGSOUND src="" loop=""></BGSOUND></BODY> 2010-6-11 16:34:15 2010年重庆市高考文综卷历史部分-项洪文 http://www.ohzx.net/rainbow/blog/teacher/templates/content.asp?Diary_ID=3485 <BODY background="" text="" vlink="" Link="" bgColor="" bgproperties=""> <BODY style="BORDER-RIGHT: 0px; BORDER-TOP: 0px; SCROLLBAR-FACE-COLOR: #d4d0c8; SCROLLBAR-HIGHLIGHT-COLOR: #808080; BORDER-LEFT: 0px; SCROLLBAR-SHADOW-COLOR: #808080; SCROLLBAR-3DLIGHT-COLOR: #d4d0c8; SCROLLBAR-ARROW-COLOR: #000000; SCROLLBAR-TRACK-COLOR: #d4d0c8; BORDER-BOTTOM: 0px; SCROLLBAR-DARKSHADOW-COLOR: #d4d0c8; SCROLLBAR-BASE-COLOR: #d4d0c8"><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt">2010</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年重庆市高考文综卷历史部分</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt"><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28.1pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align=center><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">第一部分</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt">(</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">选挥题</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt">)<o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">本部分共</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>35</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">题，每题</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>4</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">分，共</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>140</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">分。在每题给出的四个选项中</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">只有一项是最符合题目要求。</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN lang=EN-US>12.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">班超投笔从戎，立功西域，被封为定远侯。他在西域的主要活动有</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </SPAN><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">①派甘英出使大秦</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">②出使大宛、大月氏</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </SPAN><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">③任西域都护，管理西域</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">④大败北匈奴，使其政权瓦解</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>A</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">①②<SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>B.</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">①③</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</SPAN>C. </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">②④</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;</SPAN>D.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">③④</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN lang=EN-US>13.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">文献记载</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>:</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">“钢铁是杂炼生</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>(</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">生铁</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>)</SPAN><SPAN lang=ZH-TW style="FONT-FAMILY: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW">鍒</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>(</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">熟铁</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">作刀镰者，二此文献提到的金属冶炼技术发明于</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>A</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">春秋战国时期</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>B</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">两汉时期</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>C.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">魏晋南北朝时期</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>D.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">隋唐时期</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN lang=EN-US>14.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">宋人称</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>:</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">“柳郎中词只好十七八女郎按执红牙拍，歌杨柳岸晓风残月</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>;</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">学士词须关西大汉执铁绰板，唱大江东去。”与“学士词”词风一致的代表人物是</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US>A.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">李煜</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>B.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">李清照</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</SPAN></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US>C.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">陆游</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>D.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">辛弃疾</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN lang=EN-US>15.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">一位学者在研究解缙</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>(1369</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">一</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>1415)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">主持编纂《永乐大典》的有关情况时，想了解当时的都城，他应该查阅的历史地图</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>(</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">局部</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">是</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><?xml:namespace prefix = v ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:vml" /><v:shapetype id=_x0000_t75 stroked="f" filled="f" path="m@4@5l@4@11@9@11@9@5xe" o:preferrelative="t" o:spt="75" coordsize="21600,21600"><v:stroke joinstyle="miter"></v:stroke><v:formulas><v:f eqn="if lineDrawn pixelLineWidth 0"></v:f><v:f eqn="sum @0 1 0"></v:f><v:f eqn="sum 0 0 @1"></v:f><v:f eqn="prod @2 1 2"></v:f><v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelWidth"></v:f><v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelHeight"></v:f><v:f eqn="sum @0 0 1"></v:f><v:f eqn="prod @6 1 2"></v:f><v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelWidth"></v:f><v:f eqn="sum @8 21600 0"></v:f><v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelHeight"></v:f><v:f eqn="sum @10 21600 0"></v:f></v:formulas><v:path o:connecttype="rect" gradientshapeok="t" o:extrusionok="f"></v:path><o:lock aspectratio="t" v:ext="edit"></o:lock></v:shapetype><v:shape id=_x0000_i1025 style="WIDTH: 383.25pt; HEIGHT: 111pt" type="#_x0000_t75"><v:imagedata o:title="" src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\ADMINI~1\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image001.png"></v:imagedata></v:shape></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US>16.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">近代重庆总商会会所槛联日</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>:</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">“登高一呼，直召唤四百兆同胞共兴商战</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>;</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">纵目环球，好凭此数千年创局力挽利权。”该楹联所反映的主张，最早提出的是</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;</SPAN>A.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">洋务派</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>B</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">早期维新派</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 27pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.57"><SPAN lang=EN-US>C.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">康梁维新派</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</SPAN>D.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">民主革命派</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US>17. 1913</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>2</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">月，一位国民党领导人在国民党湖北支部举行的欢迎会上说</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>:</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">“我们此时要致力于选举运动……要在国会里头，获得过半数以上的议席，进而在朝，就可以组成一党的责</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">任内阁。”这位领导人是</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;</SPAN>A.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">孙中山</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>B</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">蔡锷</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 27pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.57"><SPAN lang=EN-US>C.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">宋教仁</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>D</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">黄兴</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US>18.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">《中共八七会议告全体党员书》指出</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>;</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">“我们的党公开承认并纠正错误，不含混不隐瞒，这并不是示弱，而正是证明中国共产主义运动的力量。”这里谈到的“错误”主要是指中国共</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">产党</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US>A.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">放弃了对革命武装的领导权</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US>B.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">采取了“左”倾冒险主义方针</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US>C.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">放弃了民族革命战线领导权</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US>D.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">排斥了毛泽东的正确领导</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US>19</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">．美国总统在《致蒋介石并转重庆人民的信函》中说</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>;</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">“为向中国人民——尤其重庆市民——对于联合国家作战努力之伟大贡献表示敬意起见，兹特附呈状一帧，贵国人民对于侵略者之坚强抵抗，已为贵国之友人树立楷模”此信反映的史实发生在</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US>A.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">国共第一次合作期间</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US>B</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">国共十年对峙期间</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>-</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US>C.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">国共第二次合作期间</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US>D.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">国共全面内战期问</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US>20.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">法兰西第一共和国开创了法国历史新纪元。在此期间发生的历史事作有</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">①成立立法议会</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">②颁布《人权宣育》</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">③推行全面限价</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">④发动热月政变</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US>A.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">①②</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>B. </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">①③</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</SPAN>C.</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">②④<SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>D</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">③</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">④</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><v:shape id=_x0000_s1026 style="MARGIN-TOP: 24.45pt; Z-INDEX: 1; LEFT: 0px; MARGIN-LEFT: 302.4pt; WIDTH: 141.75pt; POSITION: absolute; HEIGHT: 198.75pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left" type="#_x0000_t75"><v:imagedata o:title="" src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\ADMINI~1\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image003.png"></v:imagedata><?xml:namespace prefix = w ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:word" /><w:wrap type="square"></w:wrap></v:shape><SPAN lang=EN-US>21.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">今年是国际劳动妇女节设立</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>100</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">周年。第二国际左派领袖蔡特金为设立该节做出了杰出贡献。与其同一派别的人物是</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US>A</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">伯恩施坦</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>B</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">季米特洛夫</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US>C.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">考茨基</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>D. </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">罗莎·卢森堡</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US>22.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">图</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>6</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">是一幅苏联宣传画。当时的苏联</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US>A.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">对外国资本的依赖性比较强</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US>B.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">已顺利完成第三个五年计划</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US>C.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">受世界经济危机的冲击严重</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US>D.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">工业生产增长速度明显下降</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US>23.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">“我有一个梦想，梦想有一天，在佐治亚的红山上，昔日奴隶的儿子能够和昔日奴隶主的儿子兄弟般平起平坐，共叙兄弟情谊。”这种诉求主要反映吕</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>20</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">世纪</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>60</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年代的美国</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US>A.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">种族歧视严重</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US>B.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">阶级矛盾尖锐</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US>C.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">贫富差距加大</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US>D.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">社会暴力泛滥</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">第二部分（综合题</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt">)<o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">本部分共</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>4</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">题，共</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>160</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">分。</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US>37.(32</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">分</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">科学技术是国家综合实力的重要体现。阅读材料，回答同题。</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">材料一</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">郑和当时建造的超大型宝船长</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>140</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">多米，宽</SPAN><?xml:namespace prefix = st1 ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" /><st1:chmetcnv w:st="on" UnitName="米" SourceValue="57" HasSpace="False" Negative="False" NumberType="1" TCSC="0"><SPAN lang=EN-US>57</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">米</SPAN></st1:chmetcnv><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，是史无前例的。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>(</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">建造宝船的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">巨型船坞，在中国历史上亘古未有，在当时世界上也无与伦比。它是中世纪中国造船业在全世界遥遥领先的明证。郑和船队先进的航海技术在当时登界上也是独领风骚的。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>15</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">世纪初，是中国人称雄海上的时代，这是全世界公认的事实。</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">—摘编自韩胜宝《郑和之路》</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">材料二</SPAN> <SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">江南制造总局造船厂</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>1868</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年已着手建造螺轮蒸汽舰了。螺转蒸汽舰是</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>1845</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">一</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>1850</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年间在欧洲推广使用的，</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>1850</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年以后被用于军事。</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">—摘编自徐泰来《中国近代史记》</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">克服技术的落后是一个巨大的困难，尤其是当那些西洋顾问和教习自己就不很专业时，更是如此。自强规划所造出的枪炮船舰性能极其低劣，这就导致需要不断从国外的买船炮。</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">—〔美〕徐中约《中国近代史</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>:1600 -2000</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，中国的奋斗》</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">材料三</SPAN> <SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">从</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>1958</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年起，由聂荣臻主持的国防科技研究已迈开步伐。党和攻府克服苏联政府单方面撕毁协定、撤走专家、停止供应设备所造成的严重困难，自力更生发展国防科技工业，终于取得了国防尖端技术的重大突破。中国国防尖端技术的巨大发展，标志着中国国防现代化建设进入了一个新的阶段，大大加强了我国国防力量。这也集中代表了我国科学技术当时达到的新水平，提高了中国的国际地位。</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">—摘自何沁</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>(</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">中华人民共和国史》</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">材料四</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </SPAN>19</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">世纪</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>70</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年代，德国瞄准对重工业和新兴工业的发展有决定影响的科技领城，设立许多升学研究机构。俾斯麦鼓励学子去学习和掌握德国尚未掌握的世界高新科技。拉特瑙带回爱迪生的电灯制造专利权，</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>1883</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年创办德国爱迪生公司。电气工业的发展是造成</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>90</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年代德国经济繁荣的基本因素。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>1851</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年互</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>1900</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年，在重大科技革新向发明创造方面德国超过英法之总和，仅次于美国，居世界第二位。</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">—摘编自丁建弘《德国通史》</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US>(1)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">根据材料一，说明造船、航海技术对和下西洋的作用。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>(2</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">分</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">结合所学知识，追述唐宋时期造船、航海的主要科技成就。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>(6</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">分</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>)</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US>(2)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">根据材料二，归纳洋务企业制造军舰的技术状况。（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>4</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">分</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">结合所学知识，说明洋务运</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">动失败的外部原因。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>(4</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">分</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>)</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US>(3) </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">根据材料三，指出我国国防尖端技术大发展的作用。（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>4</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">分</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">结合所学知识回答“文化</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">大革命”前我国“国坊尖端技术的重大突破”的表现。（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>2</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">分</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>)</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US>(4)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">根据材料四，归纳德国发展高新科技的途径。（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>4</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">分</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">结合所学知识，分析科技发展对</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">当时德国经济的影响。〔</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>4</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">分</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>)</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US>39.(60</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">分</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">以孔子思想为核心的儒家文化受到广泛关注。阅读材料，回答问翅。</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">材料一</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">他</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>(</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">孔子</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">知道，古代传统的重建，并不仅仅是指外表上的同一。这里所倡导的是对永恒真理的温习，而不足对过去的模仿。孔子希望通过自己的努力，能使这些永恒的思想重放光彩。</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">一摘编自〔德〕雅斯贝斯《大哲学家》</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">材料二</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">无论何种学派，均不能定为一尊，以阻碍思想文化之自由发展。况儒术孔道，非无优点，而缺点则正多。尤与近世文明社会绝不相容者，其一贯伦理政治之纲常阶级</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>(</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">等级</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">说也。</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">—赵清、郑城《吴虞文集·陈独秀复吴虞信》</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">材料三</SPAN> <SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">新加坡主头汲取孺<st1:PersonName w:st="on" ProductID="家的">家的</st1:PersonName>君子品格的价值观，这是与新加坡道德教育直接相关的基</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">本因素。新加坡结合自已的国情，赋予“忠孝仁爱礼义廉耻”以新的内涵，把他们理解的重整体、重义务、重责任的孺家伦理进行现代转化，而提出了作为他们国家意识形态的共同价值观。</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">—摘编自龚群《新加坡公民道德救育研究》</SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US>(1)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">根据材料一，说明孔子对古代传统重建